file

用来测试文件类型
$file [] filename
-b列出辨识结果时，但不显示文件名称
-L如果文件是符号链接，那么直接解读其指向的文件
-z：如果文件是压缩文件，尝试去解读压缩文件的内容

$file bookmarks.html 
bookmarks.html: exported SGML document, UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines

$file exec.sh
exec.sh: Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable

$file rxvt_1%3a2.6.4-14_i386.deb 
rxvt_1%3a2.6.4-14_i386.deb: Debian binary package (format 2.0)

$file test_wc.c 
test_wc.c: ASCII text

$file -b cnblogs/ exec.sh 
directory
Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable