bash脚本编程
while CONDITION; do
循环体
done
进入条件:CONDITION为true;
退出条件:false
until CONDITION; do
循环体
done
进入条件:false
退出条件:true
示例:求100以内所正整数之和;
#!/bin/bash # declare -i i=1 declare -i sum=0 until [ $i -gt 100 ]; do let sum+=$i let i++ done echo "Sum: $sum"
示例:打印九九乘法表
#!/bin/bash # declare -i j=1 declare -i i=1 until [ $j -gt 9 ]; do until [ $i -gt $j ]; do echo -n -e "${i}X${j}=$[$i*$j]\t" let i++ done echo let i=1 let j++ done
循环控制语句(用于循环体中):
continue [N]:提前结束第N层的本轮循环,而直接进入下一轮判断;
while CONDTIITON1; do
CMD1
...
if CONDITION2; then
continue
fi
CMDn
...
done
break [N]:提前结束循环;
while CONDTIITON1; do
CMD1
...
if CONDITION2; then
break
fi
CMDn
...
done
示例1:求100以内所有偶数之和;要求循环遍历100以内的所正整数;
#!/bin/bash # declare -i i=0 declare -i sum=0 until [ $i -gt 100 ]; do let i++ if [ $[$i%2] -eq 1 ]; then continue fi let sum+=$i done echo "Even sum: $sum"
创建死循环:
while true; do
循环体
done
until false; do
循环体
done
示例2:每隔3秒钟到系统上获取已经登录的用户的信息;如果docker登录了,则记录于日志中,并退出;
#!/bin/bash # read -p "Enter a user name: " username while true; do if who | grep "^$username" &> /dev/null; then break fi sleep 3 done echo "$username logged on." >> /tmp/user.log 第二种实现: #!/bin/bash # read -p "Enter a user name: " username until who | grep "^$username" &> /dev/null; do sleep 3 done echo "$username logged on." >> /tmp/user.log
while循环的特殊用法(遍历文件的每一行):
while read line; do
循环体
done < /PATH/FROM/SOMEFILE
依次读取/PATH/FROM/SOMEFILE文件中的每一行,且将行赋值给变量line:
示例:找出其ID号为偶数的所有用户,显示其用户名及ID号;
#!/bin/bash while read line;do if [ $[`echo $line | cut -d: -f3` % 2] -eq 0 ];then echo -e -n "username: `echo $line | cut -d: -f1`\t" echo "uid: `echo $line | cut -d: -f3 `" fi done < /etc/passwd
for循环的特殊格式:
for ((控制变量初始化;条件判断表达式;控制变量的修正表达式)); do
循环体
done
控制变量初始化:仅在运行到循环代码段时执行一次;
控制变量的修正表达式:每轮循环结束会先进行控制变量修正运算,而后再做条件判断;
示例:求100以内所正整数之和;
#!/bin/bash # declare -i sum=0 for ((i=1;i<=100;i++)); do let sum+=$i done echo "Sum: $sum."
示例2:打印九九乘法表;
#!/bin/bash # for((j=1;j<=9;j++));do for((i=1;i<=j;i++))do echo -e -n "${i}X${j}=$[$i*$j]\t" done echo done
练习:写一个脚本,完成如下任务
(1) 显示一个如下菜单:
cpu) show cpu information;
mem) show memory information;
disk) show disk information;
quit) quit
(2) 提示用户选择选项;
(3) 显示用户选择的内容;
#!/bin/bash # cat << EOF cpu) show cpu information; mem) show memory information; disk) show disk information; quit) quit ============================ EOF read -p "Enter a option: " option while [ "$option" != 'cpu' -a "$option" != 'mem' -a "$option" != 'disk' -a "$option" != 'quit' ]; do read -p "Wrong option, Enter again: " option done if [ "$option" == 'cpu' ]; then lscpu elif [ "$option" == 'mem' ]; then cat /proc/meminfo elif [ "$option" == 'disk' ]; then fdisk -l else echo "Quit" exit 0 fi
进一步地:
用户选择,并显示完成后不退出脚本;而是提示用户继续选择显示其它内容;直到使用quit方始退出;
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/zhanx/2316300