登录sqlplus时出现了???乱码，如下：

[oracle@db ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 20 13:40:46 2012


Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.



???:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options


SQL> exit

? Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options ??




这是由于系统字符集和数据库的不一致导致的，可以通过修改系统的语言变量解决

[oracle@db ~]$ vi .bash_profile


# .bash_profile


# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi


# User specific environment and startup programs


PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin


export PATH


export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/db

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8


#export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 是新添加的内容，这里我的库用的UTF8字符集。


保存后，重启加载环境变量:

[oracle@db ~]$ source .bash_profile


再次登录sqlplus，已经没有???乱码了：

[oracle@db ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 20 13:51:33 2012


Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.



Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options



如果不知道自己库用的什么字符集或没记清楚，可以用以下sql查出：


SQL> select value from v$nls_parameters where parameter='NLS_LANGUAGE';


VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN


SQL> select value from v$nls_parameters where parameter='NLS_TERRITORY';


VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

AMERICA


SQL> select value from v$nls_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';


VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

UTF8


另外，有人查出来的是中文字符集，如SIMPLIFIED CHINESE， CHINA ，ZHS16GBK，


可以试试：NLS_LANG='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK' 或NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"