Linq入门演练---(1)基本用法-分组，排序,内连接

这一节大家共同学习下LINQ的基本用法，主要包括LINQ的分组，排序，和内外连接。

1.分组

   基本语法:  group element by key

                      element 表示查询结果返回的元素，key表示分组条件。group子句返回的类型为IGrouping<TKey,TElement>的查询结果。

                      IGrouping<TKey,TElement>可以看成一个hashtable内部嵌套一个list列表的数据结果. 其中TElement就是一个list

我们看下面的一个事例，下面这个实例演示根据性别对用户进行分组

代码

 

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

1. publicclass User 
2.     { 
3.         public User(string userName,string sex,int age) 
4.         { 
5.             UserName = userName; 
6.             Sex = sex; 
7.             Age = age; 
8.         } 
9.  
10.         publicstring UserName 
11.         { 
12.             get; 
13.             set; 
14.         } 
15.  
16.         publicstring Sex 
17.         { 
18.             get; 
19.             set; 
20.         } 
21.  
22.         publicint Age 
23.         { 
24.             get; 
25.             set; 
26.         } 
27.     } 

public class User
    {
        public User(string userName,string sex,int age)
        {
            UserName = userName;
            Sex = sex;
            Age = age;
        }

        public string UserName
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public string Sex
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public int Age
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
    }

 

 

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

1. privatevoid button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 
2.         { 
3.             User[] users = {  
4.                            new User("刘德华","男",40), 
5.                            new User("张学友","男",30), 
6.                            new User("张曼玉","女",35), 
7.                            new User("杨幂","女",53) 
8.                            }; 
9.  
10.             var query1 = 
11.                   from var1 in users 
12.                   group var1 by var1.Sex; 
13.  
14.             string str = ""; 
15.             foreach (var item in query1) 
16.             { 
17.                 str += item.Key + "\r\n"; 
18.  
19.                 foreach (var user in item) 
20.                 { 
21.                     str += user.UserName + "--" + user.Sex + "--" + user.Age.ToString() + "\r\n"; 
22.                 } 
23.               
24.             } 
25.             textBox1.Text = str; 
26.  
27.         } 

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            User[] users = { 
                           new User("刘德华","男",40),
                           new User("张学友","男",30),
                           new User("张曼玉","女",35),
                           new User("杨幂","女",53)
                           };

            var query1 =
                  from var1 in users
                  group var1 by var1.Sex;

            string str = "";
            foreach (var item in query1)
            {
                str += item.Key + "\r\n";

                foreach (var user in item)
                {
                    str += user.UserName + "--" + user.Sex + "--" + user.Age.ToString() + "\r\n";
                }
             
            }
            textBox1.Text = str;

        }

 

 

效果图

以上是简单的分组，如果需要对分组结果进行排序，需要把分组结果保存到一个临时变量中

语法： group element by key into  temp

   以下是按年龄从小到大的排序：

  代码

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

1. User[] users = {  
2.                           new User("刘德华","男",40), 
3.                           new User("张学友","男",30), 
4.                           new User("张曼玉","女",35), 
5.                           new User("杨幂","女",53) 
6.                           }; 
7.  
8.            var query1 = 
9.                  from var1 in users 
10.                  group var1 by var1.Age into temp 
11.                  orderby temp.Key descending 
12.                  select temp; 
13.  
14.            string str = ""; 
15.            foreach (var item in query1) 
16.            { 
17.                str += item.Key + "\r\n"; 
18.  
19.                foreach (var user in item) 
20.                { 
21.                    str += user.UserName + "--" + user.Sex + "--" + user.Age.ToString() + "\r\n"; 
22.                } 
23.              
24.            } 
25.            textBox1.Text = str; 

 User[] users = { 
                           new User("刘德华","男",40),
                           new User("张学友","男",30),
                           new User("张曼玉","女",35),
                           new User("杨幂","女",53)
                           };

            var query1 =
                  from var1 in users
                  group var1 by var1.Age into temp
                  orderby temp.Key descending
                  select temp;

            string str = "";
            foreach (var item in query1)
            {
                str += item.Key + "\r\n";

                foreach (var user in item)
                {
                    str += user.UserName + "--" + user.Sex + "--" + user.Age.ToString() + "\r\n";
                }
             
            }
            textBox1.Text = str;

 

 

   效果图

 

 

2.排序

    在linq中排序使用orderby

    语法 orderby elment  descending||ascending

      ascending表示升序，descending表示降序

    下面这个DEMO演示按年龄从大到小排序

    代码：

    

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

1. User[] users = {  
2.                            new User("刘德华","男",40), 
3.                            new User("张学友","男",30), 
4.                            new User("张曼玉","女",35), 
5.                            new User("杨幂","女",53) 
6.                            }; 
7.  
8.             var query1 = 
9.                   from var1 in users 
10.                   orderby var1.Age descending 
11.                   select var1; 
12.  
13.             string str = ""; 
14.             foreach (var item in query1) 
15.             { 
16.                 str += item.UserName + "--" + item.Age + "\r\n"; 
17.             } 
18.             textBox1.Text = str; 

User[] users = { 
                           new User("刘德华","男",40),
                           new User("张学友","男",30),
                           new User("张曼玉","女",35),
                           new User("杨幂","女",53)
                           };

            var query1 =
                  from var1 in users
                  orderby var1.Age descending
                  select var1;

            string str = "";
            foreach (var item in query1)
            {
                str += item.UserName + "--" + item.Age + "\r\n";
            }
            textBox1.Text = str;

  效果图

  

 

3.内连接

    内连接查询就是根据一定的条件查询两个数据源中都存在的元素

   语法： join elment  in datasource on re1 equals re2

   以下代码查找两个数组中都存在的元素。

  代码：

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

1. privatevoid button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 
2.         { 
3.             //查询两个数组中都存在的元素 
4.             int[] arrOne = { 10,20,30,6,8}; 
5.             int[] arrTwo = { 10,4,6,8,90,3}; 
6.  
7.             var query = from re1 in arrOne 
8.                         join re2 in arrTwo on re1 equals re2 
9.                         select new { re1 = re1, re2 = re2 }; 
10.  
11.             foreach (var item in query) 
12.             { 
13.                 Console.WriteLine(item); 
14.             } 
15.  
16.         } 

private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //查询两个数组中都存在的元素
            int[] arrOne = { 10,20,30,6,8};
            int[] arrTwo = { 10,4,6,8,90,3};

            var query = from re1 in arrOne
                        join re2 in arrTwo on re1 equals re2
                        select new { re1 = re1, re2 = re2 };

            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }

        }

 

  查询结果：

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

1. { re1 = 10, re2 = 10 } 
2. { re1 = 6, re2 = 6 } 
3. { re1 = 8, re2 = 8 } 

{ re1 = 10, re2 = 10 }
{ re1 = 6, re2 = 6 }
{ re1 = 8, re2 = 8 }

 

4.左连接

左连接和SQL中的左连接类似，返回第一个结果集中的所有元素。

下面的代码演示使用左连接，左连接要用到defaultempty()方法，此方法从列表中获取指定元素，如果列表为空，返回默认值

代码

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

1. privatevoid button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 
2.       { 
3.           //左连接 
4.           int[] arrOne = { 10, 20, 30, 6, 8 }; 
5.           int[] arrTwo = { 10, 4, 6, 8, 90, 3 }; 
6.  
7.           var query = from re1 in arrOne 
8.                       join re2 in arrTwo on re1 equals re2 into temgrp 
9.                       from grp in temgrp.DefaultIfEmpty() 
10.                       select new { re1 = re1, re2 = grp }; 
11.  
12.           foreach (var item in query) 
13.           { 
14.               Console.WriteLine(item); 
15.           } 
16.       } 

  private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //左连接
            int[] arrOne = { 10, 20, 30, 6, 8 };
            int[] arrTwo = { 10, 4, 6, 8, 90, 3 };

            var query = from re1 in arrOne
                        join re2 in arrTwo on re1 equals re2 into temgrp
                        from grp in temgrp.DefaultIfEmpty()
                        select new { re1 = re1, re2 = grp };

            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
        }

 

 

查询结果

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

1. { re1 = 10, re2 = 10 } 
2. { re1 = 20, re2 = 0 } 
3. { re1 = 30, re2 = 0 } 
4. { re1 = 6, re2 = 6 } 
5. { re1 = 8, re2 = 8 }