OC UIViewController基础知识整理

alloc init

//这个 方法是在viewdidload之前加载的，以nib文件加载必然会调用此方法，但是代码加载也是会自动调用的，因此可以将一些数组创建，标题命名等初始化操作写在这里
//1.如果在初始化UIViewController指定了xib文件名，就会根据传入的xib文件名加载对应的xib文件
//2.如果没有明显地传xib文件名([[MJViewController alloc] init];)，就会加载跟UIViewController同名的xib文件
//3.如果没有找到相关联的xib文件，就会创建一个空白的UIView，然后赋值给UIViewController的view属性
- (instancetype)initWithNibName:(nullable NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(nullable NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
//NSCoding协议
- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
//这个UIViewController的nib名字
@property(nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *nibName;
//这个UIViewController的nibBundle
@property(nullable, nonatomic, readonly, strong) NSBundle *nibBundle;
//这个UIViewControlle所在的Storyboar
@property(nullable, nonatomic, readonly, strong) UIStoryboard *storyboard NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
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loadView

//如果获取self.view,如果没有现实[self loadView]，就是调用Subclasses的loadView方法。
@property(null_resettable, nonatomic,strong) UIView *view;

//loadView里面自定义self.view
- (void)loadView;

//iOS9之前
//有些时候因为需要手动调用loadview
//但是有风险，系统不再调用viewDidLoad
//所以手动调用loadview是错误的

//iOS9之后
//出现了loadViewIfNeeded解决了这个问题
//调用这个方法视图会创建出来并且不会忽略viewDidLoad
- (void)loadViewIfNeeded NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);

//返回加载完的self.view
@property(nullable, nonatomic, readonly, strong) UIView *viewIfLoaded NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);

//view是否加载完成
@property(nonatomic, readonly, getter=isViewLoaded) BOOL viewLoaded ;
- (BOOL)isViewLoaded ;
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Storyboary相关

//Storyboar跳转摆好的界面
//identifier：设置好的界面连线（就是Storyboar中VC与VC那条线）
//sender：发送者
- (void)performSegueWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier sender:(nullable id)sender NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);

//看看能不能跳转，主要是看identifier对不对
- (BOOL)shouldPerformSegueWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier sender:(nullable id)sender NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);


//准备处理，
//segue:用来判断是哪个segue，里面有identifier、sourceViewController、destinationViewController可以各种操作
//sender:发送者
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(nullable id)sender NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);

//Unwind Segue相关，（不明白，留着慢慢玩）
- (BOOL)canPerformUnwindSegueAction:(SEL)action fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromViewController withSender:(id)sender NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);
- (NSArray<UIViewController *> *)allowedChildViewControllersForUnwindingFromSource:(UIStoryboardUnwindSegueSource *)source NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
- (nullable UIViewController *)childViewControllerContainingSegueSource:(UIStoryboardUnwindSegueSource *)source NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
- (nullable UIViewController *)viewControllerForUnwindSegueAction:(SEL)action fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromViewController withSender:(nullable id)sender NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(6_0, 9_0);
- (void)unwindForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)unwindSegue towardsViewController:(UIViewController *)subsequentVC NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
- (nullable UIStoryboardSegue *)segueForUnwindingToViewController:(UIViewController *)toViewController fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromViewController identifier:(nullable NSString *)identifier NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(6_0, 9_0);
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生命周期函数

//系统的loadview完成后，执行viewDidLoad
- (void)viewDidLoad;
//这几个生命周期方法，必须熟悉
- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated;
- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated;
- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated;
- (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated;
- (void)viewWillLayoutSubviews NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
- (void)viewDidLayoutSubviews NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning;
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单个viewController的生命周期

1、initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder：（如果使用storyboard或者xib）
2、loadView：加载view
3、viewDidLoad：view加载完毕
4、viewWillAppear：控制器的view将要显示
5、viewWillLayoutSubviews：控制器的view将要布局子控件
6、viewDidLayoutSubviews：控制器的view布局子控件完成，这期间系统可能会多次调用viewWillLayoutSubviews 、    viewDidLayoutSubviews 俩个方法
7、viewDidAppear:控制器的view完全显示
8、viewWillDisappear：控制器的view即将消失的时候
9、这期间系统也会调用viewWillLayoutSubviews 、viewDidLayoutSubviews 两个方法
10、viewDidDisappear：控制器的view完全消失的时候
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多个viewControllers跳转

当我们点击push的时候首先会加载下一个界面然后才会调用界面的消失方法
1、initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder：ViewController2 (如果用xib创建的情况下）
2、loadView：ViewController2
3、viewDidLoad：ViewController2
4、viewWillDisappear：ViewController1 将要消失
5、viewWillAppear：ViewController2 将要出现
6、viewWillLayoutSubviews ViewController2
7、viewDidLayoutSubviews ViewController2
8、viewWillLayoutSubviews:ViewController1
9、viewDidLayoutSubviews:ViewController1
10、viewDidDisappear:ViewController1 完全消失
11、viewDidAppear:ViewController2 完全出现
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//nav标题
@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy) NSString *title;

@property(nullable,nonatomic,weak,readonly) UIViewController *parentViewController;//父控制器
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly) UIViewController *presentedViewController;//第二者
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly) UIViewController *presentingViewController;//第一者

//例子
UIViewController *vcB = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
[self addChildViewController:vcB];
NSLog(@"%@", vcB.parentViewController);//self

UIViewController *vcB = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
[self presentViewController:vcB animated:YES completion:^{}];
    
NSLog(@"%@", self.presentedViewController);//vcB
NSLog(@"%@", self.presentingViewController);//nil
    
NSLog(@"%@", vcB.presentedViewController);//nil
NSLog(@"%@", vcB.presentingViewController);//self

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//UIViewController的edgesForExtendedLayout属性默认值是UIRectEdgeAll，指定控制器将它的视图延伸到屏幕的边缘并在bar下面。如果属性值为：UIRectEdgeNone，控制器视图遇到bar的边界就不延伸了。
@property(nonatomic,assign) UIRectEdge edgesForExtendedLayout ; // Defaults to UIRectEdgeAll

//UIViewController的extendedLayoutIncludesOpaqueBars属性可以控制以上属性的有效性，默认值为NO,指定edgesForExtendedLayout在遇到不透明的bar时无效，即不延展。设置值为YES，则在遇到透明或不透明的bar情况下都会延展。
@property(nonatomic,assign) BOOL extendedLayoutIncludesOpaqueBars ; // Defaults to NO, but bars are translucent by default on 7_0.

//UIViewController的automaticallyAdjustsScrollViewInsets默认为YES,指定控制器在有UIScrollView及其子类并且在有导航栏或工具栏或标签栏情况下，会自动调整其contentInset属性。如果是导航栏contentInset.top = 64,如果是标签栏contentInset.bottom = 44.
//可以将该属性设置为NO,取消这种行为。
@property(nonatomic,assign) BOOL automaticallyAdjustsScrollViewInsets ; // Defaults to YES
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UIStatusBar相关的设置iOS-UIStatusBar详细总结

- (UIStatusBarStyle)preferredStatusBarStyle ;
- (BOOL)prefersStatusBarHidden ;
- (UIStatusBarAnimation)preferredStatusBarUpdateAnimation
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UIModalTransitionStyle是弹出模态ViewController时的四种动画风格

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIModalTransitionStyle) {
    UIModalTransitionStyleCoverVertical = 0,//是从底部滑入,默认
    UIModalTransitionStyleFlipHorizontal ,  //是水平翻转
    UIModalTransitionStyleCrossDissolve,    //是交叉溶解
    UIModalTransitionStylePartialCurl,      //是翻书效果
};
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UIModalPresentationStyle是弹出模态ViewController时弹出风格 Present ViewController详解

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIModalPresentationStyle) {
    UIModalPresentationFullScreen = 0,      //是弹出VC时，VC充满全屏
    UIModalPresentationPageSheet ,          //是如果设备横屏，VC的显示方式则从横屏下方开始
    UIModalPresentationFormSheet ,          //是VC显示都是从底部，宽度和屏幕宽度一样
    UIModalPresentationCurrentContext ,     //是VC的弹出方式和VC父VC的弹出方式相同
    UIModalPresentationCustom ,             //自定义
    UIModalPresentationOverFullScreen ,     //
    UIModalPresentationOverCurrentContext , //
    UIModalPresentationPopover ,            //
    UIModalPresentationNone ,               //
};
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如何present一个半透明的ViewController

- (void)btnOnClick:(id)sender {
    UIViewController *test = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
    self.definesPresentationContext = YES;
    test.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:.4];
    test.modalPresentationStyle = UIModalPresentationOverCurrentContext;
    [self presentViewController:test animated:YES completion:nil];
}
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UIContentContainer iOS8之后，加入了新的一组协议，UIViewController对这组协议提供了默认的实现，我们自定义ViewConttroller的时候可以重写这些方法来调整视图布局。（先放放，等有时间在研究使用）

@protocol UIContentContainer <NSObject>

@property (nonatomic, readonly) CGSize preferredContentSize NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);

//当一个容器ViewController的ChildViewController的preferredContentSize值改变时，UIKit会调用这个方法告诉当前容器ViewController。我们可以在这个方法里根据新的Size对界面进行调整。
- (void)preferredContentSizeDidChangeForChildContentContainer:(id <UIContentContainer>)container NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);

//当一个容器ViewController的ChildViewController的systemLayoutFittingSize值改变时，UIKit会调用这个方法告诉当前容器ViewController。我们可以在这个方法里根据新的Size对界面进行调整。
- (void)systemLayoutFittingSizeDidChangeForChildContentContainer:(id <UIContentContainer>)container NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);

//viewWillTransitionToSize:withTransitionCoordinator:调用的时候
- (CGSize)sizeForChildContentContainer:(id <UIContentContainer>)container withParentContainerSize:(CGSize)parentSize NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);

//TransitionToSize:动画方面触发？
- (void)viewWillTransitionToSize:(CGSize)size withTransitionCoordinator:(id <UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinator>)coordinator NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);

//什么鬼啊？
- (void)willTransitionToTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)newCollection withTransitionCoordinator:(id <UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinator>)coordinator NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);

@end
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