Linux-sudo配置-CSDN博客

在Linux中，我们使用sudo来命令来减少使用root用户的时间，并且提高安全性，下面就简单讲解下如何配置，主要也是记录，怕自己忘了。

系统环境：

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

[root@master ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64

配置文件路径：/etc/sudoers

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sudoers（虽然执行visudo也能进入编辑，但还是推荐使用这种）

1 ## Sudoers allows particular users to run various commands as

2 ## the root user, without needing the root password.

3 ##

4 ## Examples are provided at the bottom of the file for collections

5 ## of related commands, which can then be delegated out to particular

6 ## users or groups.

7 ##

8 ## This file must be edited with the 'visudo' command.

10 ## Host Aliases

11 ## Groups of machines. You may prefer to use hostnames (perhaps using

12 ## wildcards for entire domains) or IP addresses instead.

13 # Host_Alias FILESERVERS = fs1, fs2

14 # Host_Alias MAILSERVERS = smtp, smtp2

16 ## User Aliases

17 ## These aren't often necessary, as you can use regular groups

18 ## (ie, from files, LDAP, NIS, etc) in this file - just use %groupname

19 ## rather than USERALIAS

20 # User_Alias ADMINS = jsmith, mikem

23 ## Command Aliases

24 ## These are groups of related commands...

26 ## Networking

27 # Cmnd_Alias NETWORKING = /sbin/route, /sbin/ifconfig, /bin/ping, /sbin/dhclient, /usr/bin/net, /sbin/iptables, /usr/bin/rfcomm, /usr/bin/wvdial, /sbin/iwconfig, /sbin/mii-tool

29 ## Installation and management of software

30 # Cmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = /bin/rpm, /usr/bin/up2date, /usr/bin/yum

32 ## Services

33 # Cmnd_Alias SERVICES = /sbin/service, /sbin/chkconfig, /usr/bin/systemctl start, /usr/bin/systemctl stop, /usr/bin/systemctl reload, /usr/bin/systemctl restart, /usr/bin/systemctl status , /usr/bin/systemctl enable, /usr/bin/systemctl disable

35 ## Updating the locate database

36 # Cmnd_Alias LOCATE = /usr/bin/updatedb

38 ## Storage

39 # Cmnd_Alias STORAGE = /sbin/fdisk, /sbin/sfdisk, /sbin/parted, /sbin/partprobe, /bin/mount, /bin/umount

41 ## Delegating permissions

42 # Cmnd_Alias DELEGATING = /usr/sbin/visudo, /bin/chown, /bin/chmod, /bin/chgrp

44 ## Processes

45 # Cmnd_Alias PROCESSES = /bin/nice, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/kill, /usr/bin/killall

47 ## Drivers

48 # Cmnd_Alias DRIVERS = /sbin/modprobe

50 # Defaults specification

52 #

53 # Refuse to run if unable to disable echo on the tty.

54 #

55 Defaults !visiblepw

57 #

58 # Preserving HOME has security implications since many programs

59 # use it when searching for configuration files. Note that HOME

60 # is already set when the the env_reset option is enabled, so

61 # this option is only effective for configurations where either

62 # env_reset is disabled or HOME is present in the env_keep list.

63 #

64 Defaults always_set_home

66 Defaults env_reset

67 Defaults env_keep = "COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE KDEDIR LS_COLORS"

68 Defaults env_keep += "MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE"

69 Defaults env_keep += "LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES"

70 Defaults env_keep += "LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE"

71 Defaults env_keep += "LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY"

73 #

74 # Adding HOME to env_keep may enable a user to run unrestricted

75 # commands via sudo.

76 #

77 # Defaults env_keep += "HOME"

79 Defaults secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

81 ## Next comes the main part: which users can run what software on

82 ## which machines (the sudoers file can be shared between multiple

83 ## systems).

84 ## Syntax:

85 ##

86 ## user MACHINE=COMMANDS

87 ##

88 ## The COMMANDS section may have other options added to it.

89 ##

90 ## Allow root to run any commands anywhere

91 root ALL=(ALL) ALL

92 wxh-docker ALL=(root) /usr/bin/systemctl

94 ## Allows members of the 'sys' group to run networking, software,

95 ## service management apps and more.

96 # %sys ALL = NETWORKING, SOFTWARE, SERVICES, STORAGE, DELEGATING, PROCESSES, LOCATE, DRIVERS

98 ## Allows people in group wheel to run all commands

99 %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

100

101 ## Same thing without a password

102 # %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

103

104 ## Allows members of the users group to mount and unmount the

105 ## cdrom as root

106 # %users ALL=/sbin/mount /mnt/cdrom, /sbin/umount /mnt/cdrom

107

108 ## Allows members of the users group to shutdown this system

109 # %users localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now

110

111 ## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)

112 #includedir /etc/sudoers.d

讲解：

其实这个配置文件的核心就是一个命令格式：

用户来源主机IP/域名=（授权用户）命令

组来源主机IP/域名=（授权用户）命令

以上这些都可以在文件开头定义别名，讲一组用户/IP/命令等整合成一个

91 root ALL=(ALL) ALL

92 wxh-docker ALL=(root) /usr/bin/systemctl

以第91和92行为例，第91行是默认存在的，第92行是我添加的

这行的意思是：允许wxh-docker这个用户在任意位置（不限源IP）连接到这台主机上并且可以以root的身份运行systemctl命令

本文转自1清风揽月1 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/watchmen/1952460，如需转载请自行联系原作者