前面已经使用dockerfile构建了镜像，但是构建的镜像仅仅只能在本地使用，如果我们想要在别的服务器上使用这些镜像怎么办呢？当然，我们可以将dockerfile拷贝到别的服务器上，再次构建镜像就可以使用，但是这样就增加了工作量，而且有的构建可能耗时比较久，这个在某些时候是无法容忍的。除了重新构建，我们还可以将镜像导出，然后拷贝到其他服务器上，再次导入即可。但如果想统一管理，标准化构建和版本控制，就像svn、git那样，Docker也有自己的镜像仓库。
当Docker请求使用一个容器镜像时，如果该镜像尚未在本地操作系统中，Docker会从“某处”拉取镜像到本地，一般而言这里的“某处”指的是Docker Hub，但也可以通过Docker配置文件指定到其他位置，这些位置被称为registry。所谓的Docker Registry是镜像仓库，用于管理、保存镜像，用户可以从仓库pull或push镜像。镜像仓库分为公共仓库（Docker Hub）和私有仓库，但无论是公共仓库或私有仓库，都可以为用户提供镜像仓库的服务。
搭建私有镜像仓库：
# 1. 从Docker Hub上拉取registry镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker pull registry
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/registry ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/registry
c87736221ed0: Pull complete
1cc8e0bb44df: Pull complete
54d33bcb37f5: Pull complete
e8afc091c171: Pull complete
b4541f6d3db6: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9fbfbf29d2f0110e67e662459a549a813be233131b04c002d9f7d567e144648
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/registry:latest
# 2. 创建一个目录，用于存放镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /registry/repos -p
# 3. 创建一个运行registry镜像的容器，这里指定--restart=always
[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -itd --name registry --restart=always -p 5000:5000 -v /registry/repos:/var/lib/registry registry
1757e40146f06479aa0bc273a9a1d9198b241748b5b486522b19e3d291f3e15d
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1757e40146f0 registry "/entrypoint.sh /e..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp registry
# 4. 查看registry镜像仓库中的repo，默认为空
[root@centos7 ~]# curl http://192.168.49.40:5000/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":[]}
# 5. 修改docker配置文件，添加私有仓库地址
[root@centos7 ~]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"],
"insecure-registries": ["192.168.49.40:5000"]
}
# 该文件默认不存在，需要手工创建；另外，这里第一个仓库是做docker hub加速用的，第二个是我们需要添加的registry仓库地址。
# 6. 重启docker服务（因为我是在运行docker registry的宿主机上进行docker镜像仓库的管理示例）
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart docker
# 7. 因为前面在创建registry容器的时候指定了--restart=always，所以容器已经自动运行起来
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1757e40146f0 registry "/entrypoint.sh /e..." 10 minutes ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp registry
# 8. 查看当前的镜像列表
[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/registry latest f32a97de94e1 6 days ago 25.8 MB
myjava v1 b0d98340393f 9 days ago 800 MB
centos_ssh v1 d8b7ce88a878 10 days ago 228 MB
mynginx v1 5cd531df9a2d 11 days ago 361 MB
docker.io/nginx latest f09fe80eb0e7 5 weeks ago 109 MB
docker.io/busybox latest 3a093384ac30 2 months ago 1.2 MB
docker.io/centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202 MB
# 9. 给docker镜像打新的标签
[root@centos7 ~]# docker tag centos_ssh:v1 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh:v1.0
[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/registry latest f32a97de94e1 6 days ago 25.8 MB
myjava v1 b0d98340393f 9 days ago 800 MB
192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh v1.0 d8b7ce88a878 10 days ago 228 MB
centos_ssh v1 d8b7ce88a878 10 days ago 228 MB
mynginx v1 5cd531df9a2d 11 days ago 361 MB
docker.io/nginx latest f09fe80eb0e7 5 weeks ago 109 MB
docker.io/busybox latest 3a093384ac30 2 months ago 1.2 MB
docker.io/centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202 MB
# 10. 上传镜像到registry仓库中
[root@centos7 ~]# docker push 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh:v1.0
The push refers to a repository [192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh]
3e156a1d0a35: Pushed
071d8bd76517: Pushed
v1.0: digest: sha256:636a631790f69d63fafdb9adae02f4e853863d774a235a6ef8fdb46e78ab19d5 size: 740
# 11. 再次查看registry镜像仓库中的repo
[root@centos7 ~]# curl http://192.168.49.40:5000/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["centos_ssh"]}
# 12. 使用命令删除本地的docker镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker rmi centos_ssh:v1
Untagged: centos_ssh:v1
Untagged: 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh@sha256:636a631790f69d63fafdb9adae02f4e853863d774a235a6ef8fdb46e78ab19d5
[root@centos7 ~]# docker rmi 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh:v1.0
Untagged: 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh:v1.0
Deleted: sha256:d8b7ce88a878f95991b6ce7f4b48ce88fa2056361f9016274782da05b635b771
Deleted: sha256:912fddb1f69986ea525400ac7d829873268663dc112a0f826aa132d2ba0d4984
Deleted: sha256:6f49ee38e97a94d648843f742bf4044e05ed6bed424d2b1e186f74f0d570a1e9
Deleted: sha256:9ff080e7a2d35468c0cbc366d667702224125198beb0c573a96d92ef97445f60
Deleted: sha256:34a008d1efb633fb57fcbdae681e7c35ecdd473bd33e51b844ac994ce41772db
# 13. 确认本地已经不存在centos_ssh镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/registry latest f32a97de94e1 6 days ago 25.8 MB
myjava v1 b0d98340393f 9 days ago 800 MB
mynginx v1 5cd531df9a2d 11 days ago 361 MB
docker.io/nginx latest f09fe80eb0e7 5 weeks ago 109 MB
docker.io/busybox latest 3a093384ac30 2 months ago 1.2 MB
docker.io/centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202 MB
# 14. 尝试从registry仓库中拉取centos_ssh镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker pull 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh:v1.0
Trying to pull repository 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh ...
v1.0: Pulling from 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh
a02a4930cb5d: Already exists
591783ae0f02: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:636a631790f69d63fafdb9adae02f4e853863d774a235a6ef8fdb46e78ab19d5
Status: Downloaded newer image for 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh:v1.0
[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/registry latest f32a97de94e1 6 days ago 25.8 MB
myjava v1 b0d98340393f 9 days ago 800 MB
192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh v1.0 d8b7ce88a878 10 days ago 228 MB
mynginx v1 5cd531df9a2d 11 days ago 361 MB
docker.io/nginx latest f09fe80eb0e7 5 weeks ago 109 MB
docker.io/busybox latest 3a093384ac30 2 months ago 1.2 MB
docker.io/centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202 MB
# 15. 可以使用如下命令查看registry中镜像的标签列表
[root@centos7 ~]# curl http://192.168.49.40:5000/v2/centos_ssh/tags/list
{"name":"centos_ssh","tags":["v1.0"]}
使用公共镜像仓库：
# 1. 登录docker hub [root@centos7 ~]# docker login Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one. Username (jerry12356): jerry12356 Password: Login Succeeded # 2. 给本地镜像打标签 root@centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/registry latest f32a97de94e1 6 days ago 25.8 MB myjava v1 b0d98340393f 9 days ago 800 MB 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh v1.0 d8b7ce88a878 10 days ago 228 MB mynginx v1 5cd531df9a2d 11 days ago 361 MB docker.io/nginx latest f09fe80eb0e7 5 weeks ago 109 MB docker.io/busybox latest 3a093384ac30 2 months ago 1.2 MB docker.io/centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202 MB [root@centos7 ~]# docker tag myjava:v1 jerry12356/myjava:v1.0 # 3. 将镜像上传到docker hub [root@centos7 ~]# docker push jerry12356/myjava:v1.0 The push refers to a repository [docker.io/jerry12356/myjava] 8f405b2c34eb: Pushing [==================================================>] 400.6 MB edfbb99d80ee: Pushed 90571a9ad256: Pushing [==================================================>] 189.8 MB 071d8bd76517: Mounted from library/centos 8f405b2c34eb: Pushed 90571a9ad256: Pushed v1.0: digest: sha256:0c1a76b67672186cd42d67bc51d3f1de062f15bb064e2ef578dd5347774be77c size: 1166 # 4. 删除本地的myjava镜像 [root@centos7 ~]# docker rmi jerry12356/myjava:v1.0 Untagged: jerry12356/myjava:v1.0 Untagged: jerry12356/myjava@sha256:0c1a76b67672186cd42d67bc51d3f1de062f15bb064e2ef578dd5347774be77c [root@centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/registry latest f32a97de94e1 6 days ago 25.8 MB myjava v1 b0d98340393f 9 days ago 800 MB 192.168.49.40:5000/centos_ssh v1.0 d8b7ce88a878 10 days ago 228 MB mynginx v1 5cd531df9a2d 11 days ago 361 MB docker.io/nginx latest f09fe80eb0e7 5 weeks ago 109 MB docker.io/busybox latest 3a093384ac30 2 months ago 1.2 MB docker.io/centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202 MB # 5. 重新从docker hub上拉取myjava镜像 [root@centos7 ~]# docker pull jerry12356/myjava:v1.0 Trying to pull repository docker.io/jerry12356/myjava ... v1.0: Pulling from docker.io/jerry12356/myjava Digest: sha256:0c1a76b67672186cd42d67bc51d3f1de062f15bb064e2ef578dd5347774be77c Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/jerry12356/myjava:v1.0
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/jerry12356/2363188
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