linux的x window system

为什么叫x window system:因为就英文字母来看,x是在w的后面。

当时在开发x window system的时候,就希望这个窗口界面不要与硬件有强烈的相关性,不然就等于是一个操作系统了,因此x当初就是以应用程序的概念开发的。

x窗口也被称为x11,这个窗口是利用网络架构来进行图形界面的运行和绘制。

这个网络架构基本可分为x server和x client两个组件,其中x server管理硬件,而x client则是应用程序,在运行上,x client应用程序会将想要呈现的界面告知x server,最终由x server将结果通过硬件绘制出来,也就是说:x server的重点是管理客户端的硬件,包括接收键盘/鼠标等设备的输入信息,并将图像绘制到屏幕上,x client 主要提供x server要绘制什么东西。因此远程服务器上提供的是x client软件。

x server:硬件管理、屏幕绘制与提供字体功能

包括键盘,鼠标,手写板,显示器,屏幕分辨率与色彩深度,显卡与显示的字体等。

x client:最重要的工作就是处理来自x server的操作,将该操作处理成为绘图数据,再将这些绘图据回传给x server,这样最大的好处是x client不需要知道x server的硬件配备与操作系统,因为x client单纯的处理绘图的数据而已。

x window manager:负责管理所有的x client软件:提供许多的控制因素,包括任务栏、背景桌面的设置等;管理虚拟桌面;提供桌面控制参数,这包括窗口的大小,窗口的重叠显示,窗口的移动,窗口的最小化等等。目前常见的KDE,GNOME,XFCE等都是窗口管理器

display manager:提供登陆需求,在图形界面登陆界面,这个是display manager,这个display manager最大的任务就是提供登陆的环境。


x window的启动流程:

如何在文字界面取得图形窗口呢,startx命令即可,这个命令其实是一个shell script,其最重要的任务就是找出用户或者是系统默认的x server和x client的设置文件。

实际上启动x的是xinit这个程序,startx只是在帮忙找出设置值而已,当找到后,会调用xinit实际启动x的。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sichenzhao/p/9320377.html

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Product Description OpenGL is the fastest and most widely available software standard for producing high-quality color images of 3D scenes. This practical guide shows X programmers how to construct working 3D applications using OpenGL and how to tightly integrate OpenGL applications with the X Window System. Written by a Silicon Graphics X Window System and OpenGL expert, OpenGL Programming for the X Window System uses the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT) to show how OpenGL programs can be constructed quickly and explores OpenGL features using examples written with GLUT. This book also: *explains the GLX model for integrating OpenGL and Xlib *shows how to use OpenGL with Motif and other widget sets *discusses the latest OpenGL standards: OpenGL 1.1, GLX 1.2, and GLU 1.2 *covers advanced topics such as alternative input devices and overlays *includes valuable information for ensuring OpenGL portability and interoperability *provides pointers for performance tuning Each chapter contains source code demonstrating the techniques described. Source code for all the examples provided, and for the GLUT library itself, are available for downloading via the Internet. Intended for C programmers familiar with the Xlib and/or Motif programming interfaces. No previous OpenGL knowledge is required. 0201483599B04062001 From the Back Cover OpenGL is the fastest and most widely available software standard for producing high-quality color images of 3D scenes. This practical guide shows X programmers how to construct working 3D applications using OpenGL and how to tightly integrate OpenGL applications with the X Window System. Written by a Silicon Graphics X Window System and OpenGL expert, OpenGL Programming for the X Window System uses the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT) to show how OpenGL programs can be constructed quickly and explores OpenGL features using examples written with GLUT. This book also: explains the GLX model for integrating OpenGL and Xlib shows how to use OpenGL with Motif and other widget sets discusses the latest OpenGL standards: OpenGL 1.1, GLX 1.2, and GLU 1.2 covers advanced topics such as alternative input devices and overlays includes valuable information for ensuring OpenGL portability and interoperability provides pointers for performance tuning Each chapter contains source code demonstrating the techniques described. Source code for all the examples provided, and for the GLUT library itself, are available for downloading via the Internet. Intended for C programmers familiar with the Xlib and/or Motif programming interfaces. No previous OpenGL knowledge is required.

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