Spring.NET的通知既可由某个类的所有对象共享,也可由该类型的单个实例独占。共享的通知称为基于类型(per-class)的通知,而独占的通知称为基于实例(per-instance)的通知。
基于类型的通知最为常用。很多常用功能很适合用基于类型的通知实现,比如说事务。它们不依赖于目标对象的状态,也不会向目标对象添加新状态,仅仅对方法及其参数进行操作。
基于实例的通知比较适合做引入(introductions)。此时通知可以向目标对象添加状态。在AOP代理中,可以同时使用基于类型和基于实例的通知。Spring.NET和spring框架略有不同,只有四种通知类型,没有spring框架的最终通知(目前我还没有实现最终通知,如果有朋友实现的话,可以给我留言)。
一、拦截环绕通知(around advice):Spring.NET中最基本的通知类型是拦截环绕通知(interception around advice),即方法拦截器。拦截环绕通知继承IMethodInterceptor接口。注意其中IMethodInvocation.Proceed()方法的调用。该方法会依次调用拦截器链上的其它拦截器。大部分拦截器都需要调用这个方法并返回它的返回值。当然,也可以不调用Proceed方法,而返回一个其它值或抛出一个异常,但一般不太会这么做。
二、前置通知(before advise):是在IMethodInterceptor.Proceed()方法调用前的通知。继承自IMethodBeforeAdvice接口。
三、异常通知(throws advise):是在IMethodInterceptor.Proceed()方法调用时发生异常的通知。继承自IthrowsAdvice接口。IthrowsAdvice接口没有定义任何方法:它是一个标识接口(按:之所以用标识接口,原因有二:1、在通知方法中,只有最后一个参数是必须的。如果声明为接口的方法,参数列表就被固定了。2、如果第一个原因可以用重载的接口方法解决,那么这个原因就是使用标识接口的充分原因了:实现此接口的类必须声明一或多个通知方法,接口方法做不到这一点),用以表明实现它的类声明了一或多个强类型的异常通知方法。
四、后置通知(after returning advise):是在IMethodInterceptor.Proceed()方法调用后的通知。继承自IAfterReturningAdvice接口。后置通知对切入点的执行没有影响,如果通知抛出异常,就会沿拦截器链向上抛出,从而中断拦截器链的继续执行。
代码实现:
准备条件
四种通知:
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接口:
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![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
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一、没有异常的情况
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
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输出效果:见图1
图1
二、有异常的情况:
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
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![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
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![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
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![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
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输出效果:见图2
图2
从图与代码中,我们不难看出Advice(通知)的生命周期。拦截环绕通知(around advice)围绕着整个拦截过程;前置通知(before advise)在方法调用前执行;异常通知(throws advise)在调用方法时发生异常才执行,否则不执行;后置通知(after returning advise)在方法调用后执行,当调用时出现异常,则不执行后置通知(after returning advise)。