area x nssa no-redistribution default-information-originate的讲解

PS:现在工作了,每天都是早出晚归,这段时间公司特别的忙,也很少有时间做试验了,一般都是晚上睡觉前看一会书,昨天晚上在看《TCP/IP路由技术》 卷一讲OSPF的那部分中有一点讲到在NSSA区域内的一条命令时,让我有点迷惑,今天下班后就利用一点时间做了一个试验,我把试验步骤贴出来,没有排版 整理,看上去可能有点乱,包括我现在说的话都有点乱,呵呵,好了,不说了,下面看试验:


实验拓扑:


area x nssa no-redistribution default-information-originate的讲解

R1
interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial1/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
 description ***link to R2***
 ip address 199.99.1.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
 clockrate 64000
!
interface Serial1/2
 description ***link to R4***
 ip address 199.99.2.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
 clockrate 64000
!
interface Serial1/3
 description ***link to R3***
 ip address 199.99.3.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
 clockrate 64000
!
router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 redistribute rip metric 10 subnets
 network 199.99.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 199.99.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
!
router rip
 version 2
 network 199.99.3.0
 no auto-summary
 
R2
 
interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial1/0
 description ***link to R1***
 ip address 199.99.1.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!        
interface Serial1/2
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 199.99.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 
R3
interface FastEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial1/0
 description ***link to R1***
 ip address 199.99.3.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/2
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
router rip
 version 2
 network 199.99.3.0
 no auto-summary
 
R4
interface Loopback0
 ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial1/0
 description ***link to R1***
 ip address 199.99.2.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!        
interface Serial1/2
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 199.99.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
 
 
这个时候 R2 R4 上应该可以学习到一个 type 5 AS 外部路由,我们来看一下:
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
O E2 199.99.3.0/24 [110/10] via 199.99.1.1, 00:03:23, Serial1/0
O IA 199.99.2.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.1.1, 00:03:23, Serial1/0
C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
 
R4#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
O E2 199.99.3.0/24 [110/10] via 199.99.2.1, 00:03:40, Serial1/0
C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA 199.99.1.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.2.1, 00:03:40, Serial1/0
 
R2#show ip ospf database
 
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 1)
 
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         249         0x80000004 0x47ED   2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         300         0x80000002 0xE153   2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.2.0      1.1.1.1         308         0x80000001 0xAC1  
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
199.99.3.0      1.1.1.1         249         0x80000001 0x7602   0
 
R4#show ip ospf database
 
       OSPF Router with ID (4.4.4.4) (Process ID 1)
 
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         270         0x80000003 0xAF7C   2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4.4         305         0x80000002 0x6BB7   2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      1.1.1.1         339         0x80000001 0x15B7 
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
199.99.3.0      1.1.1.1         269         0x80000001 0x7602   0
 
可以看到两台路由器都有 Type-5 AS External Link States ,我们再来看一下 R1 上都有哪些 LSA
R1#show ip ospf database
 
       OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)
 
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         326         0x80000004 0x47ED   2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         378         0x80000002 0xE153   2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.2.0      1.1.1.1         385         0x80000001 0xAC1  
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         326         0x80000003 0xAF7C   2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4.4         363         0x80000002 0x6BB7   2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      1.1.1.1         395         0x80000001 0x15B7 
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
199.99.3.0      1.1.1.1         327         0x80000001 0x7602   0
可以看到有 1 3 5 类型的 LSA ,这里没有产生类型 4 LSA 的原因是因为这台路由器既是 ABR 又是 ASBR
下面我们将 AREA 1 配置成为 NSSA 区域,配置方法这里就不再演示了,不知道得可以参照我以前做得 OSPF 系列试验,配置完成后, AREA 1 就是一个 NSSA 区域,会产生一个类型 7 LSA 在区域内泛洪,我们来验证一下:
R1#show ip ospf database
 
       OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)
 
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         625         0x80000004 0x47ED   2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         677         0x80000002 0xE153   2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.2.0      1.1.1.1         684         0x80000001 0xAC1  
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         94          0x80000005 0x51D2   2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4.4         94          0x80000004 0xD0E    2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      1.1.1.1         104         0x80000002 0xB80D 
 
                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
199.99.3.0      1.1.1.1         104         0x80000001 0xC087   0
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
199.99.3.0      1.1.1.1         626         0x80000001 0x7602   0
R4 上看一下路由表和链路状态数据库:
R4#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
O N2 199.99.3.0/24 [110/10] via 199.99.2.1, 00:02:19, Serial1/0
C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA 199.99.1.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.2.1, 00:02:19, Serial1/0
 
R4#show ip ospf database
 
       OSPF Router with ID (4.4.4.4) (Process ID 1)
 
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         166         0x80000005 0x51D2   2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4.4         166         0x80000004 0xD0E    2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      1.1.1.1         177         0x80000002 0xB80D 
 
                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
199.99.3.0      1.1.1.1         176         0x80000001 0xC087   0
原本的类型 5LSA 没有了,变成了类型 7 LSA ,下面开始我们今天主要要演示的内容:
我们在 R1 上输入下面的命令,看看会出现什么情况:
area 1 nssa no-redistribution
输入完后等邻居重新建立起来后,我们到 R4 上再看看路由表和链路状态数据库:
R4#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA 199.99.1.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:34, Serial1/0
 
R4#show ip ospf database
 
       OSPF Router with ID (4.4.4.4) (Process ID 1)
 
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         51          0x80000007 0x4DD4   2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4.4         318         0x80000004 0xD0E    2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      1.1.1.1         52          0x80000004 0xB40F 
我们可以与之前的比较一下就会发现那条类型 7 的外部路有没有了,连路状态数据库里也没有类型 7 LSA 了,但是我们到 R2 上看看:
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
O E2 199.99.3.0/24 [110/10] via 199.99.1.1, 00:15:35, Serial1/0
O IA 199.99.2.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.1.1, 00:15:35, Serial1/0
C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
 
R2#show ip ospf database
 
       OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 1)
 
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         943         0x80000004 0x47ED   2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         994         0x80000002 0xE153   2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.2.0      1.1.1.1         1002        0x80000001 0xAC1  
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
199.99.3.0      1.1.1.1         943         0x80000001 0x7602   0
依然存在那条外部路由,再到 R1 上看一下连路状态路数据库:
R1#show ip ospf database
 
       OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)
 
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         1023        0x80000004 0x47ED   2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         1075        0x80000002 0xE153   2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.2.0      1.1.1.1         1082        0x80000001 0xAC1  
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         225         0x80000007 0x4DD4   2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4.4         492         0x80000004 0xD0E    2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      1.1.1.1         225         0x80000004 0xB40F 
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
199.99.3.0      1.1.1.1         1024        0x80000001 0x7602   0
没有类型 7 LSA 了,只剩下类型 5 的,因为 R1 不仅是 AREA 1 ASBR ,同样也是 AREA 0 ASBR ,所以 R2 照样可以收到类型 5 LSA ,可以 AREA 1 没有类型 7 LSA ,也就不知道怎么到达外部路由了,我们还可以通过在刚才那条命令后面添加一个选项:
area 1 nssa no-redistribution default-information-originate
输入完后,我们再到 R4 上看一下路由表和链路状态数据库:
R4#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is 199.99.2.1 to network 0.0.0.0
 
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA 199.99.1.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.2.1, 00:01:50, Serial1/0
O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 199.99.2.1, 00:01:50, Serial1/0
R4#show ip ospf da
R4#show ip ospf database
 
       OSPF Router with ID (4.4.4.4) (Process ID 1)
 
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         123         0x8000000B 0x45D8   2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4.4         121         0x80000008 0x512    2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      1.1.1.1         593         0x80000004 0xB40F 
 
                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
0.0.0 .0         1.1.1.1         131         0x80000001 0x552A   0
可以看到有一条类型 7 的默认路由,这样的话在外部路有很多的情况下,我们就可以通过这种方法来减少类型 7 LSA NSSA 区域内的泛洪。











本文转自loveme2351CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/loveme23/91286  ,如需转载请自行联系原作者




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