C#4.0新特性之(四)新的LINQ扩展方法-Zip()
1.简介
所谓zip(中文有拉链的意思),就是像拉链一样,把两个list缝合在一起。Python中有个zip函数可以用来方便的合并两个或者多个集合,例如:
>>>
firstName
=
[
'
Freesc
'
,
'
Joshua
'
,
'
Ken
'
]
>>> lastName = [ ' Huang ' , ' Guan ' , ' Wang ' ]
>>> for f,l in zip(firstName,lastName):
print ( ' {0} {1} ' .format(f,l))
>>> lastName = [ ' Huang ' , ' Guan ' , ' Wang ' ]
>>> for f,l in zip(firstName,lastName):
print ( ' {0} {1} ' .format(f,l))
以上代码会打印出
Freesc Huang
Joshua Guan
Ken Wang
在C#4.0中,我们可以看到一个类似的扩展函数[1]:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
//
// Summary:
// Merges two sequences by using the specified predicate function.
//
// Parameters:
// first:
// The first sequence to merge.
//
// second:
// The second sequence to merge.
//
// resultSelector:
// A function that specifies how to merge the elements from the two sequences.
//
// Type parameters:
// TFirst:
// The type of the elements of the first input sequence.
//
// TSecond:
// The type of the elements of the second input sequence.
//
// TResult:
// The type of the elements of the result sequence.
//
// Returns:
// An System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T> that contains merged elements
// of two input sequences.
public static IEnumerable < TResult > Zip < TFirst, TSecond, TResult > ( this IEnumerable < TFirst > first,
IEnumerable < TSecond > second,
Func < TFirst, TSecond, TResult > resultSelector);
// Summary:
// Merges two sequences by using the specified predicate function.
//
// Parameters:
// first:
// The first sequence to merge.
//
// second:
// The second sequence to merge.
//
// resultSelector:
// A function that specifies how to merge the elements from the two sequences.
//
// Type parameters:
// TFirst:
// The type of the elements of the first input sequence.
//
// TSecond:
// The type of the elements of the second input sequence.
//
// TResult:
// The type of the elements of the result sequence.
//
// Returns:
// An System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T> that contains merged elements
// of two input sequences.
public static IEnumerable < TResult > Zip < TFirst, TSecond, TResult > ( this IEnumerable < TFirst > first,
IEnumerable < TSecond > second,
Func < TFirst, TSecond, TResult > resultSelector);
它可以用来合并列表,并且提供了自定义的组合规则:Func<TFirst, TSecond, TResult> resultSelector。
2.示例
下面是一段和代码1功能一样的C#4.0程序:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
List
<
String
>
firstName
=
new
List
<S
tring
>
{
"
Freesc
"
,
"
Joshua
"
,
"
Ken
"
};
List < String > lastName = new List <S tring > { " Huang " , " Guan " , " Wang " };
foreach (var name in firstName.Zip(lastName, (fname, lname) => fname + " " + lname))
{
Console.WriteLine(name);
}
List < String > lastName = new List <S tring > { " Huang " , " Guan " , " Wang " };
foreach (var name in firstName.Zip(lastName, (fname, lname) => fname + " " + lname))
{
Console.WriteLine(name);
}
3.Zip()的实现
在python中要实现一个zip,很简单(这里省去了异常处理),只需要用到三个内建函数,iter,map和next:
def
zip(
*
iterables):
# zip('ABCD', 'xy') --> Ax By
iterables = map(iter, iterables)
while iterables:
yield tuple(map(next, iterables))
# zip('ABCD', 'xy') --> Ax By
iterables = map(iter, iterables)
while iterables:
yield tuple(map(next, iterables))
类似的,如果不考虑异常处理,C#的Zip扩展方法可以是如下实现[2]:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
static
class
Enumerable
{
public static IEnumerable < TResult > Zip < TFirst, TSecond, TResult > ( this IEnumerable < TFirst > first,
IEnumerable < TSecond > second,
Func < TFirst, TSecond, TResult > func)
{
var ie1 = first.GetEnumerator();
var ie2 = second.GetEnumerator();
while (ie1.MoveNext() && ie2.MoveNext())
yield return func(ie1.Current, ie2.Current);
}
}
{
public static IEnumerable < TResult > Zip < TFirst, TSecond, TResult > ( this IEnumerable < TFirst > first,
IEnumerable < TSecond > second,
Func < TFirst, TSecond, TResult > func)
{
var ie1 = first.GetEnumerator();
var ie2 = second.GetEnumerator();
while (ie1.MoveNext() && ie2.MoveNext())
yield return func(ie1.Current, ie2.Current);
}
}
4.总结
Zip作为LINQ系统的新成员,提供了一种自由组合两个集合的方式,要注意的是,这个Zip使用时要求两个序列的长度一致,如果不一致,它会yield较短的长度。这一点和python中的zip是一样的。另外,您不妨可以试着写一个组合多个集合的MultiZip方法,也许它对您更加有用;-)
5.引用
[1] http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd267698(VS.100).aspx
AUTHOR: Freesc Huang @ CNBlogs