Swift assert（断言）precondition（先决条件）-CSDN博客

程序的运行需要按照我们预先设计好的路线执行，想要执行某些操作必然需要满足一定的条件，不满足条件就无法继续向下执行。

其实Swift语言为我们提供了这样的函数：assert和pecondition。

assert和precondition是做什么的？

从字面意思即可看出，assert是断言（必须成立），precondition是先决条件，是满足条件才能继续往下。两者的区别就是assert只在debug环境下生效，而precondition是debug和release都生效。

官方代码

/// Performs a traditional C-style assert with an optional message.
///
/// Use this function for internal sanity checks that are active during testing
/// but do not impact performance of shipping code. To check for invalid usage
/// in Release builds, see `precondition(_:_:file:line:)`.
///
/// * In playgrounds and `-Onone` builds (the default for Xcode's Debug
///   configuration): If `condition` evaluates to `false`, stop program
///   execution in a debuggable state after printing `message`.
///
/// * In `-O` builds (the default for Xcode's Release configuration),
///   `condition` is not evaluated, and there are no effects.
///
/// * In `-Ounchecked` builds, `condition` is not evaluated, but the optimizer
///   may assume that it *always* evaluates to `true`. Failure to satisfy that
///   assumption is a serious programming error.
///
/// - Parameters:
///   - condition: The condition to test. `condition` is only evaluated in
///     playgrounds and `-Onone` builds.
///   - message: A string to print if `condition` is evaluated to `false`. The
///     default is an empty string.
///   - file: The file name to print with `message` if the assertion fails. The
///     default is the file where `assert(_:_:file:line:)` is called.
///   - line: The line number to print along with `message` if the assertion
///     fails. The default is the line number where `assert(_:_:file:line:)`
///     is called.
public func assert(_ condition: @autoclosure () -> Bool, _ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line)

/// Checks a necessary condition for making forward progress.
///
/// Use this function to detect conditions that must prevent the program from
/// proceeding, even in shipping code.
///
/// * In playgrounds and `-Onone` builds (the default for Xcode's Debug
///   configuration): If `condition` evaluates to `false`, stop program
///   execution in a debuggable state after printing `message`.
///
/// * In `-O` builds (the default for Xcode's Release configuration): If
///   `condition` evaluates to `false`, stop program execution.
///
/// * In `-Ounchecked` builds, `condition` is not evaluated, but the optimizer
///   may assume that it *always* evaluates to `true`. Failure to satisfy that
///   assumption is a serious programming error.
///
/// - Parameters:
///   - condition: The condition to test. `condition` is not evaluated in
///     `-Ounchecked` builds.
///   - message: A string to print if `condition` is evaluated to `false` in a
///     playground or `-Onone` build. The default is an empty string.
///   - file: The file name to print with `message` if the precondition fails.
///     The default is the file where `precondition(_:_:file:line:)` is
///     called.
///   - line: The line number to print along with `message` if the assertion
///     fails. The default is the line number where
///     `precondition(_:_:file:line:)` is called.
public func precondition(_ condition: @autoclosure () -> Bool, _ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line)

/// Indicates that an internal sanity check failed.
///
/// Use this function to stop the program, without impacting the performance of
/// shipping code, when control flow is not expected to reach the call---for
/// example, in the `default` case of a `switch` where you have knowledge that
/// one of the other cases must be satisfied. To protect code from invalid
/// usage in Release builds, see `preconditionFailure(_:file:line:)`.
///
/// * In playgrounds and -Onone builds (the default for Xcode's Debug
///   configuration), stop program execution in a debuggable state after
///   printing `message`.
///
/// * In -O builds, has no effect.
///
/// * In -Ounchecked builds, the optimizer may assume that this function is
///   never called. Failure to satisfy that assumption is a serious
///   programming error.
///
/// - Parameters:
///   - message: A string to print in a playground or `-Onone` build. The
///     default is an empty string.
///   - file: The file name to print with `message`. The default is the file
///     where `assertionFailure(_:file:line:)` is called.
///   - line: The line number to print along with `message`. The default is the
///     line number where `assertionFailure(_:file:line:)` is called.
public func assertionFailure(_ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line)

/// Indicates that a precondition was violated.
///
/// Use this function to stop the program when control flow can only reach the
/// call if your API was improperly used. This function's effects vary
/// depending on the build flag used:
///
/// * In playgrounds and `-Onone` builds (the default for Xcode's Debug
///   configuration), stops program execution in a debuggable state after
///   printing `message`.
///
/// * In `-O` builds (the default for Xcode's Release configuration), stops
///   program execution.
///
/// * In `-Ounchecked` builds, the optimizer may assume that this function is
///   never called. Failure to satisfy that assumption is a serious
///   programming error.
///
/// - Parameters:
///   - message: A string to print in a playground or `-Onone` build. The
///     default is an empty string.
///   - file: The file name to print with `message`. The default is the file
///     where `preconditionFailure(_:file:line:)` is called.
///   - line: The line number to print along with `message`. The default is the
///     line number where `preconditionFailure(_:file:line:)` is called.
public func preconditionFailure(_ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line) -> Never

/// Unconditionally prints a given message and stops execution.
///
/// - Parameters:
///   - message: The string to print. The default is an empty string.
///   - file: The file name to print with `message`. The default is the file
///     where `fatalError(_:file:line:)` is called.
///   - line: The line number to print along with `message`. The default is the
///     line number where `fatalError(_:file:line:)` is called.
public func fatalError(_ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line) -> Never

复制代码

这么长，肯定没有耐心看。我摘出来

public func assert(_ condition: @autoclosure () -> Bool, _ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line)
public func precondition(_ condition: @autoclosure () -> Bool, _ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line)
public func assertionFailure(_ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line)
public func preconditionFailure(_ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line) -> Never
public func fatalError(_ message: @autoclosure () -> String = default, file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line) -> Never
复制代码

condition是Bool，true值则不成立，false则成立程序挂掉。

assertionFailure和preconditionFailure都是直接挂掉，不用加判断条件。fatalError是致命错误，程序挂掉。