Grunt - Karma 单元测试

http://www.cnblogs.com/haogj/p/4813155.html

 

 Karma 是 Goolge 开源的一个 Test runner, 可以配合 Grunt 使用。

1. 相关插件介绍

1.1 Karma 的官网

http://karma-runner.github.io/

官网中的文档其实分多钟版本,不同版本的 karma 使用也有所不同,注意页面右上角的版本信息。

1.2 配合 Grunt 的插件 grunt-karma

https://github.com/karma-runner/grunt-karma

1.3 karma 用来启动 chrome 的 karma 插件

https://github.com/karma-runner/karma-chrome-launcher

1.4 jasmine 单元测试插件

https://github.com/karma-runner/karma-jasmine

1.5 单元测试的报表格式

单元测试默认提供了两种输出:'dots', 'progress' ,都比较简单,希望看到测试的详细输出,可以使用 reporter 插件,这里是其中之一:mocha

https://github.com/litixsoft/karma-mocha-reporter

1.6 angularJS 插件

https://github.com/karma-runner/karma-ng-scenario

1.7 requirejs 模块化插件

https://github.com/karma-runner/karma-requirejs

2. 安装插件

2.1 创建 package.json 

使用 npm init 来创建 package.json 项目文件。

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PS C:\study\demo> npm init
This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.

See `npm help json` for definitive documentation on these fields
and exactly what they do. Use `npm install <pkg> --save` afterwards to install a package and save it as a dependency in the package.json file. Press ^C at any time to quit. name: (demo) demo version: (1.0.0) description: entry point: (index.js) test command: git repository: keywords: author: license: (ISC) MIT About to write to C:\study\demo\package.json: { "name": "demo", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "", "main": "index.js", "scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1" }, "author": "", "license": "MIT" } Is this ok? (yes) y PS C:\study\demo>
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 安装 Karma

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PS C:\study\protocat> npm install karma --save-dev
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No repository field. npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No README data npm WARN optional dep failed, continuing fsevents@1.0.0 | > bufferutil@1.2.1 install C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil > node-gyp rebuild C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil>if not defined npm_config_node_gyp (node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild ) else (node rebuild ) Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch. bufferutil.cc C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\limits(214): warning C4577: 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified; termination on exception is not guaranteed. Specify /EHsc [C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\bufferutil.vcxproj] Creating library C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\bufferutil.lib and object C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\s ocket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\bufferutil.expGenerating code Finished generating code bufferutil.vcxproj -> C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\\bufferutil.node | > utf-8-validate@1.2.1 install C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate > node-gyp rebuild C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate>if not defined npm_config_node_gyp (node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild ) else (node rebuild ) Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch. validation.cc C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\limits(214): warning C4577: 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified; termination on exception is not guaranteed. Specify /EHsc [C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\validation.vcxproj] Creating library C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\validation.lib and object C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\validation.expGenerating code Finished generating code validation.vcxproj -> C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\\validation.node / > utf-8-validate@1.2.1 install C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate > node-gyp rebuild C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate>if not defined npm_config_node_gyp (node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild ) else (node rebuild ) Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch. validation.cc C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\limits(214): warning C4577: 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified; termination on exception is not guaranteed. Specify /EHsc [C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\validation.vcxproj] Creating library C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\validation.lib and object C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\validation.expGenerating code Finished generating code validation.vcxproj -> C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\\validation.node | > bufferutil@1.2.1 install C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil > node-gyp rebuild / C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil>if not defined npm_config_node_gyp (node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild ) else (node rebuild ) Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch. bufferutil.cc C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\limits(214): warning C4577: 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified; termination on exception is not guaranteed. Specify /EHsc [C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\bufferutil.vcxproj] Creating library C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\bufferutil.lib and object C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\bufferutil.exp Generating code Finished generating code bufferutil.vcxproj -> C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\\bufferutil.node karma@0.13.10 node_modules\karma ├── di@0.0.1 ├── rimraf@2.4.3 ├── graceful-fs@4.1.2 ├── mime@1.3.4 ├── colors@1.1.2 ├── bluebird@2.10.1 ├── http-proxy@1.11.2 (eventemitter3@1.1.1, requires-port@0.0.1) ├── source-map@0.4.4 (amdefine@1.0.0) ├── useragent@2.1.7 (lru-cache@2.2.4) ├── optimist@0.6.1 (wordwrap@0.0.3, minimist@0.0.10) ├── dom-serialize@2.2.0 (void-elements@1.0.0, custom-event@1.0.0, ent@2.2.0, extend@2.0.1) ├── minimatch@2.0.10 (brace-expansion@1.1.0) ├── glob@5.0.14 (path-is-absolute@1.0.0, inherits@2.0.1, inflight@1.0.4, once@1.3.2) ├── lodash@3.10.1 ├── expand-braces@0.1.1 (array-uniq@1.0.2, array-slice@0.2.3, braces@0.1.5) ├── connect@3.4.0 (utils-merge@1.0.0, parseurl@1.3.0, finalhandler@0.4.0, debug@2.2.0) ├── log4js@0.6.27 (async@0.2.10, underscore@1.8.2, semver@4.3.6, readable-stream@1.0.33) ├── core-js@1.1.4 ├── memoizee@0.3.9 (next-tick@0.2.2, lru-queue@0.1.0, timers-ext@0.1.0, d@0.1.1, event-emitter@0.3.3, es6-weak-map@0.1.4 , es5-ext@0.10.7) ├── body-parser@1.14.0 (bytes@2.1.0, content-type@1.0.1, depd@1.1.0, on-finished@2.3.0, raw-body@2.1.3, debug@2.2.0, ico nv-lite@0.4.11, qs@5.1.0, http-errors@1.3.1, type-is@1.6.8) ├── chokidar@1.1.0 (arrify@1.0.0, path-is-absolute@1.0.0, is-glob@2.0.0, async-each@0.1.6, glob-parent@2.0.0, is-binary- path@1.0.1, readdirp@2.0.0, anymatch@1.3.0) └── socket.io@1.3.7 (has-binary-data@0.1.3, debug@2.1.0, socket.io-parser@2.2.4, socket.io-adapter@0.3.1, engine.io@1.5. 4, socket.io-client@1.3.7)
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安装 grunt-karma 插件。

PS C:\study\demo> npm install grunt-karma --save-dev
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No repository field. npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No README data grunt-karma@0.12.1 node_modules\grunt-karma └── lodash@3.10.1

 

安装之后,在 node_modules 中实际上有了 grunt, grunt-karma, 以及 karma 三个组件。

继续安装 karma 的插件。

先安装 chrome 的启动器。

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PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-chrome-launcher
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field. npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data karma-chrome-launcher@0.2.0 node_modules\karma-chrome-launcher ├── fs-access@1.0.0 (null-check@1.0.0) └── which@1.1.2 (is-absolute@0.1.7)
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单元测试 jasmine.

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PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-jasmine
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field. npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data npm WARN peerDependencies The peer dependency jasmine-core@* included from karma-jasmine will no npm WARN peerDependencies longer be automatically installed to fulfill the peerDependency npm WARN peerDependencies in npm 3+. Your application will need to depend on it explicitly. jasmine-core@2.3.4 node_modules\jasmine-core karma-jasmine@0.3.6 node_modules\karma-jasmine
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单元测试的输出报表格式 mocha.

PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-mocha-reporter
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field. npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data karma-mocha-reporter@1.1.1 node_modules\karma-mocha-reporter └── chalk@1.1.0 (escape-string-regexp@1.0.3, supports-color@2.0.0, ansi-styles@2.1.0, has-ansi@2.0.0, strip-ansi@3.0.0)

 

angular 插件

PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-ng-scenario
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field. npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data karma-ng-scenario@0.1.0 node_modules\karma-ng-scenario

 

requirejs 插件。

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PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-requirejs
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field. npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data npm WARN peerDependencies The peer dependency requirejs@~2.1 included from karma-requirejs will no npm WARN peerDependencies longer be automatically installed to fulfill the peerDependency npm WARN peerDependencies in npm 3+. Your application will need to depend on it explicitly. requirejs@2.1.20 node_modules\requirejs karma-requirejs@0.2.2 node_modules\karma-requirejs
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3. 配置

 不用版本的 karma 配置会有所不同,这里使用 v0.13 版。

 karma 的运行配置可以保存在独立的文件中,也可以在 Gruntfile.js 中直接配置,由于 karma 的配置参数较多,建议保存在独立的配置文件中。

这样,我们可以针对不同的测试场景,创建不同的 karma 配置文件,最后通过 grunt 来使用。

karma 配置文件中的 basePath 是一个非常重要的参数,用来表示 karma 配置文件中的其它相对路径所依赖的起点。

如果这是一个对象路径,就会相对于配置文件来定位。

默认是 '', 也就是说配置文件所在的目录就是相对的根目录了。

在 karma 实际运行的时候,这个目录会被自动映射到 /base 之下。

files 中配置可以通过 karma 服务器访问哪些文件,在这里列出的文件,才可以通过 HTTP 访问到。当使用对象方式表示路径的时候,included 表示 karma 是不是需要自动生成一个 script 标记来加载特定的脚本,设置为 false 表示不生成这个标记,而 served 则表示是否可以通过 karma 的网站服务器访问这个文件。

plugins 在 v0.13 中可以不同配置,karma 会自动加载位于 node_modules 中的 karma-* 的 karma 模块。

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// Karma configuration
// Generated on Tue Sep 15 2015 12:41:55 GMT+0800 (China Standard Time)

module.exports = function(config) { config.set({ // base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude) basePath: '', // frameworks to use // available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter // if requirejs used, frameworks: ['jasmine', 'requirejs'], // list of files / patterns to load in the browser  files: [ // inclueded, default: true, should the files be included in the browser using <script> tag? // use false if you want to load them manually. eg using require.js // served, default: true, should the files be served by karma's webserver? // watched, default: true, if autowatch is true, all files that have set watched to true will be watched for change { pattern: 'src/**/*.*', included: false, served: true }, { pattern: 'test/**/*_spec.js', included: false, served: true }, //in version 0.13, the item should be last 'test-main.js', ], // list of files to exclude  exclude: [ 'src/js/main.js' ], // preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser // available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor  preprocessors: { }, // test results reporter to use // possible values: 'dots', 'progress' // available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter reporters: ['mocha'], // web server port port: 9876, // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs) colors: true, // level of logging // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG  logLevel: config.LOG_INFO, // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes autoWatch: true, // start these browsers // available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher browsers: ['Chrome'], // Continuous Integration mode // if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits singleRun: false, // By default, Karma loads all sibling NPM modules which have a name starting with karma-*.  }) }
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在配合 requirejs 的时候,我们还需要一个 main.js 文件对 requirejs 进行配置。

在 requirejs 中也有一个 baseUrl 配置参数,这里一定要考虑刚才karma 的 basePath 进行配置,由于在 karma 的网站中,前面又添加了 /base ,所以,现在 requirejs 的 baseUrl 就会变成 /base/src/js 了。

这样,修改了 baseUrl, 我们其它的模块 Id 就不用变化了。

我们希望能够通过 karma 直接加载测试并执行测试,所以,karma 帮助我们生成了一段脚本,从我们网站中的脚本文件中筛选出测试文件,直接加载执行,脚本通过正则表达式  /(spec|test)\.js$/i 来筛选,可以看到,它直接检查脚本文件名中,以 spec.js 或者 test.js 结尾的脚本文件。找到之后,通过 requirejs 配置中的 deps 提前加载并执行。

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var allTestFiles = [];
var TEST_REGEXP = /(spec|test)\.js$/i;

// Get a list of all the test files to include Object.keys(window.__karma__.files).forEach(function(file) { if (TEST_REGEXP.test(file)) { // Normalize paths to RequireJS module names. // If you require sub-dependencies of test files to be loaded as-is (requiring file extension) // then do not normalize the paths // var normalizedTestModule = file.replace(/^\/base\/|\.js$/g, ''); var normalizedTestModule = file; allTestFiles.push(normalizedTestModule); } }); require.config({ // Karma serves files under /base, which is the basePath from your config file baseUrl: '/base/src/js', paths:{ 'angular':'lib/angular.min' }, shim:{ 'angular':{ 'exports': 'angular' } }, // dynamically load all test files  deps: allTestFiles, // we have to kickoff jasmine, as it is asynchronous  callback: window.__karma__.start }); require(['angular', 'controllers/controllers'], function(angular, controller){ console.log('main.js loaded.'); console.log( controller); }, function(){ console.log("load error"); console.log( arguments); });
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4. 测试的写法

比如,我们有一个模块的定义。

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define([], function(){
    
    return function ($scope){

        $scope.name = 'World'; $scope.phones = [ {'name': 'Nexus S', 'snippet': 'Fast just got faster with Nexus S.', 'age':1 }, {'name': 'Motorola XOOM™ with Wi-Fi', 'snippet': 'The Next, Next Generation tablet.', 'age':2 }, {'name': 'MOTOROLA XOOM™', 'snippet': 'The Next, Next Generation tablet.', 'age':3 } ]; $scope.orderProp = 'age'; }; })
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测试也是一个模块,一定要在测试的依赖项中,将测试所依赖的模块加载进来。

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// use define to load dependency block.
define(['controllers/controllers'], function(target) {
    
    // regular jasmine test case describe('PhoneCat controllers', function() { describe('PhoneListCtrl', function(){ var scope, ctrl; beforeEach(function(){ scope = {}; // create controller instance ctrl = new target( scope ); }); it('should create "Phone" model with 3 phones.', function(){ expect( scope.phones.length ).toBe( 3 ); }); it(' the name of "Phone" model should be "World".', function(){ expect( scope.name ).toBe('World'); }); it('the age of "Phone" model should be "age",', function(){ expect( scope.orderProp ).toBe( 'age' ); }) }) }); });
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 执行之后的输出如下:

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PS C:\study\photocat> grunt karma
Running "karma:unit" (karma) task
16 09 2015 14:38:05.540:WARN [karma]: No captured browser, open http://localhost:9876/ 16 09 2015 14:38:05.555:INFO [karma]: Karma v0.13.9 server started at http://localhost:9876/ 16 09 2015 14:38:05.564:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser Chrome 16 09 2015 14:38:08.382:INFO [Chrome 44.0.2403 (Windows 7 0.0.0)]: Connected on socket IUSWkKhxqSbjN8NzAAAA with id 89877642 Start: hello, jasmine. √ say hello to jasmine. PhoneCat controllers PhoneListCtrl √ should create "Phone" model with 3 phones. √ the name of "Phone" model should be "World". √ the age of "Phone" model should be "age", Finished in 0.013 secs / 0.002 secs SUMMARY: √ 4 tests completed
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5. 总结

在配合 requirejs 的时候, karma 路径,requirejs 的路径一定要注意,karma 的服务器将我们的服务内容放在了 /base 之下,我们在使用的时候,必须特别注意这一点。

另外,文件名称的大小写问题,在 Windows 系统下大小写不敏感,但是,在 Linux 服务器上,大小写不同将是不同的文件。注意 Karma 服务器中,即使在 Windwos 系统下,也会区分大小写。

在配合 requirejs 时,关键是一定要通过 requirejs 来加载你的模块,而不是直接嵌入带页面中。 

http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#mismatch

http://icodeit.org/2013/10/using-karma-as-the-javascript-test-runner/ 

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