环境：linux平台+oracle(10.2.0.1)  【不同主机的复制】
实验条件：复制的库所在主机与主库所在主机具有相同的OS平台
          复制的库所在主机已安装数据库软件
 
使用rman做不同主机的复制注意事项：
a. 当使用RMAN方式建立复制库时，必须先使用RMAN备份主库的所有数据文件、控制文件和归档日志。例如：
rman target /
backup database include current controlfile plus archivelog format='d:backup%d_%s.bak';
在RMAN中，建立复制库使用duplicate命令。
b. 缺省情况下，当建立复制库时，会包含主库中的所有数据文件。如果不希望复制库中包含只读表空间的数据文件，则在执行duplicate时指定skip readonly选项；如果要跳过特定表空间，则在执行duplicate时指定skip tablespace选项。当使用RMAN方式建立复制库时，应注意：
skip tablespace时不能指定SYSTEM和UNDO表空间
c. 如果在不同主机上建立复制库，且与主库采用完全相同的目录结构和文件名，则在执行duplicate时指定nofilenamecheck选项；如果要将复制库恢复到过去的时间点，则可以使用set until或duplicate..until命令。
d. 当在不同主机上建立复制库时，必须将RMAN备份集文件复制到目标主机的相同目录下。
 
主库orcl所在主机db，复制的库aux所在主机主机名为dup
 
步骤：
1. 使用rman备份主库Target database （orcl）
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog; 
此处必须要备份归档日志，不然在duplicate命令执行过程中会报错。
2. 为复制库建立密码文件
[oracle@db ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@db db_1]$ cd dbs
[oracle@db dbs]$scp orapworcl  dup:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwaux
3. 为复制库建立参数文件
在主库所在主机上操作：
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
[oracle@db dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora dup:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initaux.ora                            
Vi initaux.or
 
aux.__db_cache_size=163577856
aux.__java_pool_size=4194304
aux.__large_pool_size=4194304
aux.__shared_pool_size=88080384
aux.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/aux/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/aux/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.3.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/control03.ctl'#Restore Controlfile
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/aux/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='aux'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=auxXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=81788928
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_max_size=157286400
*.sga_target=262144000
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/aux/udump'
*.UTL_FILE_DIR='/u01/app/oracle/logs'
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux'
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux'
 
4. 在dup上配置监听程序，在db上配置网络服务名
在复制库所在主机dup上配置listener.ora
vi listener.ora
 
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
   (SID_LIST=
       (SID_DESC=
          (SID_NAME=orcl)
          (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
        )
        (SID_DESC=
          (SID_NAME=aux)
          (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
        )
    )
 
LISTENER =
  (ADDRESS_LIST=
       (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dup)(PORT=1521))
       (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY)))
[oracle@dup admin]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@dup admin]$ lsnrctl start
 
在主库所在主机上配置tnsnames.ora
Vi tnsnames.ora
orcl=
   (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db)(PORT = 1521))
      (CONNECT_DATA =
           (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
           (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      )
   )
aux=
   (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db)(PORT = 1521))
      (CONNECT_DATA =
           (SERVICE_NAME = aux)
           (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      )
)
 
5. 在dup上建立复制数据库各种相关文件的OS目录，并将db主机上的备份集拷贝至dup主机上。当复制备份集文件到复制库所在主机时，应将备份集文件放到与主数据库备份集相同的OS目录下。
在dup上操作：
[oracle@dup ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE
[oracle@ dup oracle]$ ls
admin  flash_recovery_area  logs  oradata  oraInventory  product
[oracle@dup oracle]$ cd admin
[oracle@dup admin]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@dup admin]$  mkdir aux
[oracle@dup admin]$ cd aux/
[oracle@dup aux]$ mkdir adump bdump cdump udump
[oracle@dup orcl]$ cd ../../oradata/
[oracle@dup oradata]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@dup oradata]$ mkdir aux
此处省略了拷贝备份集的操作命令。
 
6. 启动实例
[oracle@dup oradata]$ export ORACLE_SID=aux
[oracle@dup oradata]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Jul 23 11:25:20 2011
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
 
Connected to an idle instance.
 
SQL> startup nomount;
SQL>exit;
此处必须exit，不然会影响后续duplicate操作，因为duplicate命令执行过程中有一个shutdown过程，此处不exit会导致后续操作不可进行。
7. 用duplicate命令建立复制库
在db上操作：
[oracle@db ~]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@aux
RMAN> duplicate target database to aux;
 
Starting Duplicate Db at 23-JUL-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
 
contents of Memory Script:
{
   set until scn  608014;
   set newname for datafile  1 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  2 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  3 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  4 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  5 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/example01.dbf";
   restore
   check readonly
   clone database
   ;
}
executing Memory Script
 
executing command: SET until clause
 
executing command: SET NEWNAME
 
executing command: SET NEWNAME
 
executing command: SET NEWNAME
 
executing command: SET NEWNAME
 
executing command: SET NEWNAME
 
Starting restore at 23-JUL-11
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
 
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/example01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_07_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110723T112008_72nhh8wf_.bkp
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_07_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110723T112008_72nhh8wf_.bkp tag=TAG20110723T112008
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:07
Finished restore at 23-JUL-11
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "AUX" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG 
  MAXLOGFILES     16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS      3
  MAXDATAFILES      100
  MAXINSTANCES     8
  MAXLOGHISTORY      292
 LOGFILE
  GROUP  1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,
  GROUP  2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,
  GROUP  3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE
 DATAFILE
  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/system01.dbf'
 CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
 
 
contents of Memory Script:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
 
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=1 stamp=757250956 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=2 stamp=757250956 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=3 stamp=757250956 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=4 stamp=757250956 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/example01.dbf
 
contents of Memory Script:
{
   set until scn  608014;
   recover
   clone database
    delete archivelog
   ;
}
executing Memory Script
 
executing command: SET until clause
 
Starting recover at 23-JUL-11
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
 
starting media recovery
 
archive log thread 1 sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_07_23/o1_mf_1_2_72nhk2v4_.arc
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_07_23/o1_mf_1_2_72nhk2v4_.arc thread=1 sequence=2
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished recover at 23-JUL-11
 
contents of Memory Script:
{
   catalog clone datafilecopy  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/undotbs01.dbf";
   catalog clone datafilecopy  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/sysaux01.dbf";
   catalog clone datafilecopy  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/users01.dbf";
   catalog clone datafilecopy  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/example01.dbf";
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
 
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/undotbs01.dbf recid=1 stamp=757251533
 
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/sysaux01.dbf recid=2 stamp=757251533
 
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/users01.dbf recid=3 stamp=757251533
 
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/example01.dbf recid=4 stamp=757251533
 
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=1 stamp=757251533 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=2 stamp=757251533 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=3 stamp=757251533 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=4 stamp=757251533 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/aux/example01.dbf
 
contents of Memory Script:
{
   Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
 
database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 23-JUL-11
 
 
 
 
实验总结：：在复制库aux上面不能有任何的连接。若有连接则会停止不动。另主库备份需备份归档日志。