带参数,头信息,代理,cookie爬取

最新推荐文章于 2021-07-09 11:22:04 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-07-09 11:22:04 发布

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/sunBinary/p/10555671.html

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1.get传参

(1)汉字报错 :解释器器ascii没有汉字 url汉字转码

urllib.parse.quote safe="string.printtable"

(2)字典传参

urllib.parse.urlencode()

post:

urlib.request.openurl(url,data = "服务器器接受的数据")

handler:处理理器器的⾃自定义:

User-Agent:

(1)模拟真实的浏览器器发送请求:(1)百度批量量搜索(2)检查元素(百度搜索useragent⼤大全)

(2)request.add_header(动态添加head数据)

(3)响应头 response.header

(4)创建request:urlib.request.Request(url)

2.IP代理理:

(1)免费的IP:时效性差,错误率⾼高

(2)付费的IP:贵花钱,也有失效不不能⽤用的

IP分类:

透明:对⽅方知道我们真实的ip

匿匿名:对⽅方不不知道我们真实的ip,知道了了你使⽤用了了代理理

⾼高匿匿:对⽅方不不知道我们真是的IP.也不不知道我们使⽤用了了代理理

handler:

(1)系统的urlopen()不不⽀支持代理理的添加

创建对应的处理理器器(handler)

1.代理理处理理器器:ProxyHandler

2.拿着ProxyHandler创建opener:bulid_opener()

3.opener.open(url)就可以请求数据

auth认证handler

Cookieshandler

URLError

requests(第三⽅方模块):简单易易⽤用

数据解析:

数据存储:json csv MongDB resdis mysql

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import string


def get_params():
    url = "http://www.baidu.com/s?"

    params = {
        "wd":"中文",
        "key":"zhang",
        "value":"san"

    }
    str_params = urllib.parse.urlencode(params)
    print(str_params)
    final_url = url + str_params

    #将带有中文的url 转译成计算机可以识别的url
    end_url = urllib.parse.quote(final_url,safe=string.printable)

    response = urllib.request.urlopen(end_url)

    data = response.read().decode("utf-8")
    print(data)


get_params()

import urllib.request

def load_baidu():
    url= "https://www.baidu.com"
    header = {
        #浏览器的版本
        "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36",
        # "haha":"hehe"
    }


    #创建请求对象
    request = urllib.request.Request(url)
    #动态的去添加head的信息
    request.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36")
    #请求网络数据(不在此处增加请求头信息因为此方法系统没有提供参数)
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    print(response)
    data = response.read().decode("utf-8")

    #获取到完整的url
    final_url = request.get_full_url()
    print(final_url)

    #响应头
    # print(response.headers)
    #获取请求头的信息(所有的头的信息)
    # request_headers = request.headers
    # print(request_headers)
    #(2)第二种方式打印headers的信息
    #注意点:首字母需要大写,其他字母都小写
    request_headers = request.get_header("User-agent")
    # print(request_headers)
    with open("02header.html","w")as f:
        f.write(data)



load_baidu()

import urllib.request

def load_baidu():
    url= "http://www.baidu.com"
    #添加请求头的信息


    #创建请求对象
    request = urllib.request.Request(url)
    #请求网络数据
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    print(response)
    data = response.read().decode("utf-8")

    #响应头
    # print(response.headers)
    #获取请求头的信息
    request_headers = request.headers
    print(request_headers)
    with open("02header.html","w")as f:
        f.write(data)



load_baidu()

import urllib.request
import random

def load_baidu():

    url = "http://www.baidu.com"
    user_agent_list = [
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.835.163 Safari/535.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:6.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
        "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; zh-cn) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.50"

    ]
    #每次请求的浏览器都是不一样的
    random_user_agent = random.choice(user_agent_list)

    request = urllib.request.Request(url)

    #增加对应的请求头信息(user_agent)
    request.add_header("User-Agent",random_user_agent)

    #请求数据
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    #请求头的信息
    print(request.get_header("User-agent"))

load_baidu()

import urllib.request

def handler_openner():

    #系统的urlopen并没有添加代理的功能所以需要我们自定义这个功能
    #安全 套接层 ssl第三方的CA数字证书
    #http80端口# 和https443
    #urlopen为什么可以请求数据 handler处理器
    #自己的oppener请求数据

    # urllib.request.urlopen()
    url = "https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37499059/article/details/79003731"

    #创建自己的处理器
    handler = urllib.request.HTTPHandler()
    #创建自己的oppener
    opener=urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
    #用自己创建的opener调用open方法请求数据
    response = opener.open(url)
    # data = response.read()
    data = response.read().decode("utf-8")


    with open("02header.html", "w")as f:
        f.write(data)

handler_openner()

import urllib.request


def create_proxy_handler():
    url = "https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37499059/article/details/79003731"

    #添加代理
    proxy = {
        #免费的写法
        "http":""
        # "http":"120.77.249.46:8080"
        #付费的代理
        # "http":"xiaoming":123@115.


    }
    #代理处理器
    proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxy)

    #创建自己opener
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)
    #拿着代理ip去发送请求
    response = opener.open(url)
    data = response.read().decode("utf-8")


    with open("03header.html", "w")as f:
        f.write(data)

create_proxy_handler()

import urllib.request

def proxy_user():

    proxy_list = [
        {"https":""},
        # {"https":"106.75.226.36:808"},
        # {"https":"61.135.217.7:80"},
        # {"https":"125.70.13.77:8080"},
        # {"https":"118.190.95.35:9001"}
    ]
    for proxy in proxy_list:
        print(proxy)
        #利用遍历出来的ip创建处理器
        proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxy)
        #创建opener
        opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)

        try:
            data = opener.open("http://www.baidu.com",timeout=1)

            haha = data.read()
            print(haha)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)


proxy_user()

付费的代理发送

import urllib.request

#付费的代理发送
#1.用户名密码(带着)
#通过验证的处理器来发送

def money_proxy_use():
    # #第一种方式付费代理发送请求
    # #1.代理ip
    # money_proxy ={"http":"username:pwd@192.168.12.11:8080"}
    # #2.代理的处理器
    # proxy_handler=urllib.request.ProxyHandler(money_proxy)
    #
    # #3.通过处理器创建opener
    # opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)
    # #4.open发送请求
    # opener.open("http://www.baidu.com")
    # #第二种方式发送付费的ip地址
    use_name = "abcname"
    pwd = "123456"
    proxy_money = "123.158.63.130:8888"
    #2.创建密码管理器,添加用户名和密码
    password_manager = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
    #uri定位 uri>url
    #url 资源定位符
    password_manager.add_password(None,proxy_money,use_name,pwd)
    #3.创建可以验证代理ip的处理器
    handle_auth_proxy = urllib.request.ProxyBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)
    #4.根据处理器创建opener
    opener_auth = urllib.request.build_opener(handle_auth_proxy)
    #5.发送请求
    response = opener_auth.open("http://www.baidu.com")
    print(response.read())

    #爬取自己公司的数据,做数据分析
    #admin

money_proxy_use()

爬取自己的网站

import urllib.request

def auth_nei_wang():
    #1.用户名密码
    user = "admin"
    pwd = "adimin123"
    nei_url = "http://192.168.179.66"


    #2.创建密码管理器
    pwd_manager = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()

    pwd_manager.add_password(None,nei_url,user,pwd)

    #创建认证处理器(requests)
    auth_handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(pwd_manager)

    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(auth_handler)

    response = opener.open(nei_url)
    print(response)


auth_nei_wang()

第一种:

"""
    直接获取 个人中心的页面
    手动粘贴 复制 PC 抓包的 cookies
    放在  request对象的请求头里面 

"""

import urllib.request

# 1.数据url
url = 'https://www.yaozh.com/member/'
# 2.添加请求头
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.67 Safari/537.36'
    ,
    'Cookie': '_ga=GA1.2.1820447474.1535025127; MEIQIA_EXTRA_TRACK_ID=199Tty9OyANCXtHaSobJs67FU7J; UtzD_f52b_ulastactivity=1511944816%7C0; WAF_SESSION_ID=7d88ae0fc48bffa022729657cf09807d; PHPSESSID=7jsc60esmb6krgthnj99dfq7r3; _gid=GA1.2.358950482.1540209934; _gat=1; MEIQIA_VISIT_ID=1BviNX3zYEKVS7bQVpTRHOTFV8M; yaozh_logintime=1540209949; yaozh_user=381740%09xiaomaoera12; yaozh_userId=381740; db_w_auth=368675%09xiaomaoera12; UtzD_f52b_saltkey=CfYyYFY2; UtzD_f52b_lastvisit=1540206351; UtzD_f52b_lastact=1540209951%09uc.php%09; UtzD_f52b_auth=2e13RFf%2F3R%2BNjohcx%2BuoLcVRx%2FhF0NvwUbslgSZX%2FOUMkCRRcgh5Ayg6RGnklcG3d2DkUFAXJxjhlIS8fPvr9rrwa%2FY; yaozh_uidhas=1; yaozh_mylogin=1540209953; MEIQIA_EXTRA_TRACK_ID=199Tty9OyANCXtHaSobJs67FU7J; WAF_SESSION_ID=7d88ae0fc48bffa022729657cf09807d; Hm_lvt_65968db3ac154c3089d7f9a4cbb98c94=1535025126%2C1535283389%2C1535283401%2C1539351081%2C1539512967%2C1540209934; MEIQIA_VISIT_ID=1BviNX3zYEKVS7bQVpTRHOTFV8M; Hm_lpvt_65968db3ac154c3089d7f9a4cbb98c94=1540209958'
}

# 3.构建请求对象
request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)

# 4.发送请求对象
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)

# 5.读取数据
data = response.read()
print(type(data))

# 保存到文件中 验证数据
with open('01cook.html', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(data)

第二种:

"""
    获取 个人中心的页面
    
    1. 代码登录  登录成功 cookie(有效)
    2. 自动带着cookie 去请求个人中心
    
    
    cookiejar 自动保存这个cookie

"""
import urllib.request
from http import cookiejar
from urllib import parse

# 登录之前的 登录页的网址https://www.yaozh.com/login/
# 找登录 参数

# 后台 根据你发送的请求方式来判断的 如果你是get(登录页面),如果POST(登录结果)

# 1. 代码登录
# 1.1 登录的网址
login_url = 'https://www.yaozh.com/login'
# 1.2 登录的参数
login_form_data = {
    "username": "3253212",
    "pwd": "56uhjyh",
    "formhash": "CE3ADF28C5",
    "backurl": "https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yaozh.com%2F"

}
# 1.3 发送登录请求POST
cook_jar = cookiejar.CookieJar()
# 定义有添加  cook 功能的 处理器
cook_hanlder = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cook_jar)
# 根据处理器 生成 opener
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(cook_hanlder)

# 带着参数 发送post请求
# 添加请求头
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.67 Safari/537.36'
}
# 1.参数 将来 需要转译 转码; 2. post请求的 data要求是bytes
login_str = parse.urlencode(login_form_data).encode('utf-8')

login_request = urllib.request.Request(login_url, headers=headers, data=login_str)
# 如果登录成功, cookjar自动保存cookie
opener.open(login_request)

# 2. 代码带着cooke去访问 个人中心
center_url = 'https://www.yaozh.com/member/'
center_request = urllib.request.Request(center_url, headers=headers)
response = opener.open(center_url)
# bytes -->str
data = response.read().decode()

with open('02cook.html', 'w') as f:
    f.write(data)


# 一个用户 在不同的地点(IP(福建,上海, 杭州, 河南)) 不同浏览器 上面 不停的登录  非人为操作
# 封你的账号
# N 个 账号

错误提示

# urlib.request  提示错误 HTTPError UrlError
"""
     raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known>
    
    raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 404: Not Found

"""

import urllib.request


url = 'https://blog.csdn.net/zjsxxzh/article/details/110'

url = 'https://affdsfsfsdfd.cn'

try:
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)

except urllib.request.HTTPError as error:
    print(error.code)


except urllib.request.URLError as error:
    print(error)