ic_card 驱动程序开发

　　IC卡又称集成电路卡，它是在大小和普通信用卡相同的塑料卡片上嵌置一个或多个集成电路构成的。集成电路芯片可以是存储器或向处理器。作为一种身份验证的工具，IC卡经常出现于各种电子设备中，作为一种身份的确认的工具。

　　下面以笔者参与的会议系统开发中的ICcard驱动程序为例，介绍linux系统下是如何进行IC card驱动程序开发的。

　　1、是ic_card.h文件：

#ifndef IC_CARD
#define IC_CARD

#include < mach / regs - gpio.h >
#include < linux / wait.h >
#include < linux / ioctl.h >

#define IC_CARD_MAJOR 231

#ifndef ICCARD_NR_DEVS
#define ICCARD_NR_DEVS 1 /*设备数*/
#endif

#define IC_RMM_CMD 0x30 // 读主存命令字
#define IC_WMM_CMD 0x38 // 写主存命令字
#define IC_VER_CMD 0x33 // 校验密码
#define IC_RSM_CMD 0x31 // 读密码存储区
#define IC_WSM_CMD 0x39 // 写密码存储区
#define IC_RPM_CMD 0x34 // 读保护存储区
#define IC_WPM_CMD 0x3c // 写保护存储区


#define IC_RDSTART_ADDR (volatile unsigned char*)0X26
#define IC_WRSTART_ADDR (volatile unsigned char*)0X26


#define IC_IOCTL_MAGIC 'i'

#define CFG_RD_COUNT _IOW(IC_IOCTL_MAGIC,0,unsigned int)
#define CFG_WR_COUNT _IOW(IC_IOCTL_MAGIC,1,unsigned int)


#define SETB_CARD_CLK() __raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGDAT)|(1<<0),S3C2410_GPGDAT)
#define CLR_CARD_CLK() __raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGDAT)&(~(1<<0)),S3C2410_GPGDAT)

#define SETB_CARD_RESRT() __raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGDAT)|(1<<1),S3C2410_GPGDAT)
#define CLR_CARD_RESRT() __raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGDAT)&(~(1<<1)),S3C2410_GPGDAT)

#define SETB_CARD_IO() __raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGDAT)|(1<<3),S3C2410_GPGDAT)
#define CLR_CARD_IO() __raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGDAT)&(~(1<<3)),S3C2410_GPGDAT)

#define SETB_CARD_POWER() __raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGDAT)|(1<<7),S3C2410_GPGDAT)
#define CLR_CARD_POWER() __raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGDAT)&(~(1<<7)),S3C2410_GPGDAT)

wait_queue_head_t r_wait; // 读等待队列
wait_queue_head_t w_wait; // 写等待队列

typedef struct _ic_card_dev
{
unsigned char * readbufstart; // 读入数据缓冲区首指针
// char* readbufend; // 读入数据缓冲区末指针
unsigned char * writebufstart; // 写入数据缓冲区首指针
// char* writebufend; // 写入数据缓冲区末指针
int readcount; // 读入数据量
int writecount; // 写入数据量
char * readp; // 读人数据当前指针
int readnum; // 已经读入量
char * writep; // 当前写入数据指针
int writenum; // 当前写入量
int ic_state; // 卡当前状态，O为无卡，1为有卡
int statechange; // 卡状态变化标志
int irqno;
int r_press;
int w_press;

}ic_card_dev;

#endif /*IC_CARD*/

　　2、实现模块的加载和卸载函数：

1 /* 注册设备驱动程序 */
2   static int ic_card_init( void )
3 {
4 int ret;
5 dev_t devno;
6 ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " init ic card\n " );
7 devno = MKDEV(ic_major, 0 );
8 if (IC_CARD_MAJOR)
9 {
10 ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1 , DEV_NAME);
11 ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " register_chrdev_region ret:%d\n " ,ret);
12 }
13 else
14 {
15 ret = alloc_chrdev_region( & devno, 0 , 2 , DEV_NAME);
16 ic_major = MAJOR(devno);
17 ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " alloc_chrdev_region ret:%d,major:%d\n " ,ret,ic_major);
18 }
19 if (ret < 0 )
20 {
21 ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " if ret<0 ret:%d\n " ,ret);
22 return ret;
23 }
24
25 cdev_init( & cdev_ic, & ic_fops);
26 cdev_ic.owner = THIS_MODULE;
27 cdev_ic.ops = & ic_fops;
28
29 // 向系统注册该字符设备
30   ret = cdev_add( & cdev_ic, devno, ICCARD_NR_DEVS);
31 ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " cdev_add ret:%d\n " ,ret);
32
33 if (ret)
34 {
35 ICDEBUG( " iccard init error\r\n " );
36 unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1 );
37 goto failregion;
38 }
39
40
41 ic_card_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEV_NAME);
42 if (IS_ERR(ic_card_class))
43 {
44 ICDEBUG( " can not creat a ic_card_class class!\n " );
45 goto failcls;
46 }
47 device_create(ic_card_class, NULL, MKDEV(IC_CARD_MAJOR, 0 ), NULL, DEV_NAME);
48
49 /* 注册中断 */
50 ret = ic_request_irqs();
51 if (ret < 0 )
52 {
53 ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " ic_card_request_irqs:ret:%d\n " ,ret);
54 goto faildev;
55 }
56
57 /* 初始化时钟 */
58 init_timer( & ic_timer);
59 ic_timer.function = ic_timer_handler;
60
61 spin_lock_init( & lock );
62
63   /* ic_dev_info=kmalloc(ICCARD_NR_DEVS*sizeof(struct ic_card_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
64 if(!ic_dev_info)
65 {
66 ret = -ENOMEM;
67 goto fail;
68 }
69   */
70 // 初始化等待对列
71   init_waitqueue_head( & r_wait);
72 init_waitqueue_head( & w_wait);
73 ICDEBUG( " ic card init success!\r\n " );
74
75 return 0 ;
76 faildev:
77 ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " init ic card fail\n " );
78 device_destroy(ic_card_class, MKDEV(IC_CARD_MAJOR, 0 ));
79 failcls:
80 class_destroy(ic_card_class);
81 failregion:
82 unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1 );
83 return ret;
84
85 }
86
87   /* 注销设备驱动程序 */
88   static void ic_card_exit( void )
89 {
90 /* 释放中断 */
91 ic_free_irqs();
92
93 cdev_del( & cdev_ic);
94 // kfree(ic_dev_info);
95 device_destroy(ic_card_class, MKDEV(IC_CARD_MAJOR, 0 ));
96 class_destroy(ic_card_class);
97 unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(ic_major, 0 ), 1 );
98 ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " ic card unregister\n " );
99
100 }
101
102 module_init(ic_card_init);
103 module_exit(ic_card_exit);

首先，判断IC_CARD_MAJOR,即是否为设备指定了主设备号，如果IC_CARD_MAJOR不为0，则调用register_chrdev_region（）函数注册设备驱动程序。通过register_chrdev_region（）函数用于分配指定的设备编号范围。如果申请的设备编号范围跨越了主设备号，它会把分配范围内的编号按主设备号分割成较小的子范围，并在每个子范围上调用 __register_chrdev_region() 。如果其中有一次分配失败的话，那会把之前成功分配的都全部退回。

如果IC_CARD_MAJOR为0，则调用 alloc_chrdev_region（）动态分配主设备号给驱动程序。

 linux 2.6 内核采用struct cdev来记录字符设备的信息，通过cdev_init初始化一个静态分配的cdev对象，详细请参考http://www.360doc.com/content/11/0228/12/6030028_96836815.shtml 

调用cdev_add()函数向系统注册该字符设备.

　　class_create()函数及device_create()函数使得module被加载时，udev daemon就会自动在/dev下创建IC_CARD设备文件。
　　然后申请中断，初始化定时器，定时器ic_timer用于消除插卡中的抖动问题，再调用init_waitqueue_head()初始化等待队列。

至此，ic_card驱动程序加载完成。

3、各IC_card操作函数：

static struct file_operations ic_fops = {
.open = ic_open,
.write = ic_card_wrtie,
.read = ic_card_read,
.poll = ic_poll,
.ioctl = ic_ioctl,
.release = ic_release,
.fsync = NULL,
};

具体实现如下：

/* 调用ic_request_irqs注册中断处理程序
*配置引脚
*/
int ic_open ( struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
{
int num;
int ret = 0 ;
unsigned long flags;

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " open ic card\n " );
// 获取次设备号
num = MINOR(inode -> i_rdev);
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " MINOR:%d\n " ,num);
if (num >= ICCARD_NR_DEVS)
return - ENODEV;

spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
filp -> private_data =& ic_dev_info[num];

// 检测IC卡是否已插入设备
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG6,S3C2410_GPG6_INP); // ICCARD_INTEREPT
if ((__raw_readw(S3C2410_GPGDAT) & ( 1 << 6 )) == 0 << 6 )
{
ic_dev_info[num].ic_state = 1 ; // 代表卡已插入
ic_dev_info[num].r_press = 1 ; // 设备可读
ic_dev_info[num].w_press = 1 ; // 设备可写
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " has ic card device\n " );
}
else
{
ic_dev_info[num].ic_state = 0 ; // 代表卡已插入
ic_dev_info[num].r_press = 0 ; // 设备可读
ic_dev_info[num].w_press = 0 ; // 设备可写
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " no found ic card device\n " );
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);

// 初始化输入输出引脚
init_gpio();

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " open ic card success\n " );
return ret;
}

int ic_release( struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
{
// ic_free_irqs();
return 0 ;
}

/*
*从ic卡中读出一个字节的数据
*/

int ic_card_read_byte( char * ch)
{
int ret = 0 ;
int ii;
for (ii = 8 ; ii > 0 ; ii -- )
{
CLR_CARD_CLK();
udelay( 5 );
* ch = ( * ch) >> 1 ; // 从低位读起
// if((__raw_readw(S3C2410_GPGDAT)&0x0008)==0x0008)
if ((__raw_readw(S3C2410_GPGDAT) & ( 1 << 3 )) == 1 << 3 )
{
* ch |= 0x80 ;
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " <------------->\n " );
}
else
{
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " <|||||||||||||>\n " );
}
udelay( 5 );
SETB_CARD_CLK();
}

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " ic_card_read_byte:ch is>>>>>(%c)\n " , * ch);
return ret;
}


int ic_card_write_byte( char * ch)
{
int ret = 0 ;
int ii;

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " enter ic_card_write_byte,ch is %c\n " , * ch);
for (ii = 0 ; ii < 8 ; ii ++ )
{
CLR_CARD_CLK();
udelay( 5 );
if ( * ch & 0x01 )
{
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " [+++++$++++++++]\n " );
SETB_CARD_IO(); // 输入1
}
else
{
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " [-----$--------]\n " );
CLR_CARD_IO(); // 输入0
}
udelay( 5 );
SETB_CARD_CLK();
udelay( 10 );
* ch =* ch >> 1 ;

}
return ret;

}

/*
*复位和复位应答
*/
static int ic_card_reset( void )
{
unsigned char temp_ch;
int temp_i = 4 ;
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG3,S3C2410_GPG3_OUTP); // OUT
udelay( 5 );
CLR_CARD_RESRT();
CLR_CARD_CLK();
SETB_CARD_IO();
udelay( 5 );
SETB_CARD_RESRT();
udelay( 5 );
SETB_CARD_CLK();
udelay( 30 );
CLR_CARD_CLK();
udelay( 5 );
CLR_CARD_RESRT();
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG3,S3C2410_GPG3_INP); // IN
udelay( 10 );
do {
// temp_ch = ic_card_read_byte();
ic_card_read_byte( & temp_ch);
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " ic_card_reset:temp_ch is(%c)\n " ,temp_ch);
} while ( -- temp_i > 0 );

CLR_CARD_CLK();
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG3,S3C2410_GPG3_OUTP); // IN
udelay( 5 );
SETB_CARD_IO();
udelay( 5 );
CLR_CARD_CLK();
udelay( 5 );
return 0 ;
}

/*
*命令开始条件
*/
void ic_card_start_cmd( void )
{
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG3,S3C2410_GPG3_OUTP); // out
CLR_CARD_CLK();
SETB_CARD_IO();
udelay( 5 );
SETB_CARD_CLK();
udelay( 5 );
CLR_CARD_IO();
udelay( 5 );
}

/*
*命令结束条件
*/
void ic_card_end_cmd( void )
{
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG3,S3C2410_GPG3_OUTP);
CLR_CARD_CLK();
CLR_CARD_IO();
udelay( 5 );
SETB_CARD_CLK();
udelay( 5 );
SETB_CARD_IO();
udelay( 5 );
}

/* 发送命令 */
void ic_card_send_cmd( const char cmd, const char addr, const char count)
{
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " enter ic_card_read:cmd is %c,addr is %c,count is %c\n " ,cmd,addr,count);
ic_card_start_cmd();
ic_card_write_byte( & cmd);
ic_card_write_byte( & addr);
ic_card_write_byte( & count);
ic_card_end_cmd();
}

void ic_card_breakoperator( void )
{
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG3,S3C2410_GPG3_OUTP);
CLR_CARD_CLK();
CLR_CARD_RESRT();
CLR_CARD_IO();
udelay( 5 );
SETB_CARD_RESRT();
SETB_CARD_IO();
udelay( 5 );
CLR_CARD_RESRT();
udelay( 5 );
}


/* 从设备中读取指定长度的数据 */
ssize_t ic_dev_read( struct file * filep, const char * buf, size_t count, loff_t * offset)
{
int ret = 0 ;
// wait_event_interruptible();
// char *kbuf;
int istate;
int sizetmp;
char * pbuf;
// unsigned char ch=0;

ic_card_dev * icdev = (ic_card_dev * )filep -> private_data;
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " enter ic_dev_read\n " );
istate = icdev -> ic_state;
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " ic_dev_istate:%d\n " ,istate);
pbuf = buf;
if ( ! istate)
{
return - ENODEV;
}

if ( ! pbuf)
{
return - 1 ;
}

sizetmp = count;

s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG3,S3C2410_GPG3_INP); // 将GPG3配置成输入引脚

CLR_CARD_CLK();
udelay( 5 );
do {
ic_card_read_byte(pbuf ++ );
// *buf++ = ic_card_read_byte();
ret ++ ;
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " [ic_card_read:buf is (%c) ret:%d]\n " , * (pbuf - 1 ),ret);
} while ( -- sizetmp);


return ret;

}

/* 往设备中写入数据 */
ssize_t ic_dev_wrtie( struct file * filep, char * buf, size_t count, loff_t * offset)
{
int ret = 0 ;
int istate;
unsigned long flags;
int sizetmp;

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " enter ic_dev_wrtie\n " );
spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
istate = ((ic_card_dev * )(filep -> private_data)) -> ic_state;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);

if ( ! istate)
{
return - ENODEV;
}
if ( ! buf)
return - 1 ;
// wait_event_interruptible();

s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG3, S3C2410_GPG3_OUTP); // 将GPG3配置成输出引脚

sizetmp = count;
do
{
ic_card_write_byte(buf ++ ); // 按字节发送至ic卡
} while ( -- sizetmp);
return ret;
}

/* file_operations read */
ssize_t ic_card_read( struct file * filep, char __user * buf, size_t count, loff_t * offset)
{
// int ii;
int ret;
char * kbuf;
unsigned long flags;
int r_press;

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " enter ic_card_read\n " );

spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
r_press = ((ic_card_dev * )filep -> private_data) -> r_press;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " ic_card_read:r_press is:%d\n " ,r_press);

wait_event_interruptible(r_wait, r_press != 0 );


kbuf = kmalloc(count,GFP_KERNEL);
if ( ! kbuf)
{
return - ENOMEM;
}
spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
((ic_card_dev * )filep -> private_data) -> w_press = 0 ;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);

ic_card_reset();

ic_card_send_cmd(( const char )IC_RMM_CMD,( const char )((ic_card_dev * )(filep -> private_data)) -> readbufstart, 0xff );

ret = ic_dev_read(filep, kbuf, count, offset);

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " [ic_card_read kbuf is:%s]\n " ,kbuf);
if (ret >= 0 )
{
ret = copy_to_user(buf,kbuf,count);
}

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " <ic_dev_read kbuf:(%s),buf:(%s)ret:%d;count:%d>\n " ,kbuf,buf,ret,count);
ic_card_breakoperator();

spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
((ic_card_dev * )filep -> private_data) -> w_press = 1 ;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);

kfree(kbuf);
return ret;
}

/* file_operations write */
ssize_t ic_card_wrtie( struct file * filep, char __user * buf, size_t count, loff_t * offset)
{
int ret;
char * kbuf;
unsigned long flags;
int w_press;

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " enter ic_card_wrtie\n " );

spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
w_press = ((ic_card_dev * )filep -> private_data) -> w_press;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);

kbuf = kmalloc(count,GFP_KERNEL);
if ( ! kbuf)
{
return - ENOMEM;
}
wait_event_interruptible(r_wait, w_press != 0 );

// if(w_press)
// {
spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
((ic_card_dev * )filep -> private_data) -> r_press = 0 ;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);

ic_card_reset();
ic_card_send_cmd(( const char )IC_WMM_CMD,( const char )((ic_card_dev * )(filep -> private_data)) -> writebufstart,count);

if (copy_from_user(kbuf, buf, count))
{
kfree(kbuf);
return - EFAULT;
}
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " copy_from_user kbuf------------->:%s\n " ,kbuf);

ret = ic_dev_wrtie(filep, kbuf, count, offset);
printk(KERN_ALERT " ic_dev_wrtie ret : %d\n " ,ret);
ic_card_breakoperator();

spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
((ic_card_dev * )filep -> private_data) -> w_press = 1 ;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);

kfree(kbuf);
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " ic_card_wrtie success\n " );
return ret;
}


int ic_ioctl( struct inode * inode, struct file * filep, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
unsigned int icount;
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
switch (cmd)
{
case CFG_RD_COUNT:
icount = (unsigned int )arg;
((ic_card_dev * )filep -> private_data) -> readcount = icount;
break ;
case CFG_WR_COUNT:
icount = (unsigned int )arg;
((ic_card_dev * )filep -> private_data) -> writecount = icount;
break ;
default :
break ;

}
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);
return 0 ;
}

/*
#define POLLIN 0x0001 //有数据可以读入,read不会阻塞,注意:select的请情况下,即使到EOF也是ready的.
#define POLLPRI 0x0002 //紧急数据,比如TCP,或者packet模式的peseudo-terminal发现slave的状态有变化.
#define POLLOUT 0x0004 //写入不会阻塞.
#define POLLERR 0x0008 //输出出错
#define POLLHUP 0x0010 //Hang up (output only).
#define POLLNVAL 0x0020 //Invalid request: fd not open (output only).
The rest seem to be more-or-less nonstandard. Check them!
#define POLLRDNORM 0x0040 //POLLIN.
#define POLLRDBAND 0x0080 //高优先级的数据read for read (generally unused on Linux).
#define POLLWRNORM 0x0100 //Equivalent to POLLOUT.
#define POLLWRBAND 0x0200 //Priority data may be written.
#define POLLMSG 0x0400
#define POLLREMOVE 0x1000
*/
unsigned int ic_poll ( struct file * filep, struct poll_table_struct * wait)
{

int ic_num = 0 ; // test
unsigned int mask = 0 ;
unsigned long flags;

// 加入这句话是为了在读写状态发生变化的时候，通知核心层，让核心层重新调用poll函数查询信息。

也就是说这两句只会在select阻塞的时候用到
// 当利用select函数发现既不能读又不能写时，select函数会阻塞，但是此时的阻塞并不是轮询，

而是睡眠，通过下面两个队列发生变化时通知select
poll_wait(filep, & r_wait, wait);
poll_wait(filep, & w_wait, wait);

spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
if (ic_dev_info[ic_num].r_press != 0 )
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; // 可读，同时写上POLLRDNORM

if (ic_dev_info[ic_num].w_press != 0 )
mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);
return mask;

}

// #define ICDEBUG
#ifdef ICDEBUG
#ifdef __KERNEL__
#define ICDEBUG(fmt,args...) printk(KERN_ALERT "ic card:"fmt,##args)
#else
#define ICDEBUG(fmt,args...) fprintf(stderr,fmt,##args)
#endif
#else
#define ICDEBUG(fmt,args...)
#endif

#define DEV_NAME "ic_card"
#define IC_TIMER_DELAY (HZ/50)
#define ICCARD_INT_NAME "ic_irq_handler"

static int ic_major = IC_CARD_MAJOR;

static struct class * ic_card_class;
/* linux 内核定时器
struct timer_list {
struct list_head list;
unsigned long expires;
unsigned long data;
void (*function)(unsigned long);
};
*/
static struct timer_list ic_timer;

/* 自旋锁基本API:

头文件: <linux/spinlock.h>
数据类型: spinlock_t
初始化, 以下两种方法:
静态: spinlock_t my_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
动态: void spin_lock_init(spinlock_t *lock);
获得锁: void spin_lock(spinlock_t *lock);
释放锁: void spin_unlock(spinlock_t *lock);
*/
spinlock_t lock ;

/*
内核中每个字符设备都对应一个 cdev 结构的变量，下面是它的定义：
struct cdev {
struct kobject kobj; // 每个 cdev 都是一个 kobject
struct module *owner; // 指向实现驱动的模块
const struct file_operations *ops; // 操纵这个字符设备文件的方法
struct list_head list; // 与 cdev 对应的字符设备文件的 inode->i_devices 的链表头
dev_t dev; // 起始设备编号
unsigned int count; // 设备范围号大小
};
一个 cdev 一般它有两种定义初始化方式：静态的和动态的。
静态内存定义初始化：
struct cdev my_cdev;
cdev_init(&my_cdev, &fops);
my_cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;

动态内存定义初始化：
struct cdev *my_cdev = cdev_alloc();
my_cdev->ops = &fops;
my_cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;

两种使用方式的功能是一样的，只是使用的内存区不一样，一般视实际的数据结构需求而定。 */
struct cdev cdev_ic;

/* IC_CARD设备结构体 */
static ic_card_dev ic_dev_info[ICCARD_NR_DEVS] =
{
{
IC_RDSTART_ADDR, /* readbufstart */
IC_WRSTART_ADDR, /* writebufstart */
0 , /* readcount */
0 , /* writecount */
NULL, /* readp */
0 , /* readnum */
NULL, /* writep */
0 , /* writenum */

0 , /* ic_state */
0 , /* statechange */
IRQ_EINT14, /* irqno */
0 , /* r_press */
0 , /* w_press */
},
};

/* 将输入引脚配置成中断引脚 */
static void pin_input_to_int( void )
{
__raw_writel((__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGCON) & ( ~ ( 0x03 << 12 ))) | ( 0x02 << 12 ),S3C2410_GPGCON);
__raw_writel((__raw_readl(S3C2410_EXTINT1) & ( ~ ( 0x07 << 24 ))) | ( 0x06 << 24 ),S3C2410_EXTINT1);
}

/* 将中断引脚配置成输入引脚 */
static void pin_int_to_input( void )
{
__raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_GPGCON) & ( ~ ( 0x03 << 12 )),S3C2410_GPGCON);
}

/* *中断服务程序，通知ic卡已插入 */
static irqreturn_t ic_interrupt_proc( int irq, void * dev_id)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
if (ic_dev_info[ 0 ].statechange == 0 )
{
ic_dev_info[ 0 ].statechange = 1 ;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);
}
else
{
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n " );
/* 将中断引脚配置成为输入引脚，消除抖动 */
pin_int_to_input();

ic_timer.expires = jiffies + IC_TIMER_DELAY; // delay 20 ms

// 全局变量jiffies用来记录自系统启动以来产生的节拍的总数
add_timer( & ic_timer);

return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

/* 定时器回调函数，当设定时间到来时，自动调用本程序 */
static void ic_timer_handler(unsigned long time)
{
int ic_num = 0 ; // test
unsigned long flags;

ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " enter ic_interrupt_proc\n " );
spin_lock_irqsave( & lock ,flags);
if (ic_dev_info[ic_num].ic_state == 0 )
{
ic_dev_info[ic_num].ic_state = 1 ; // 代表卡已插入
ic_dev_info[ic_num].r_press = 1 ; // 设备可读
ic_dev_info[ic_num].w_press = 1 ; // 设备可写
wake_up_interruptible( & r_wait);
wake_up_interruptible( & w_wait);
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " ic device enter,wake up interrupt ic_interrupt_proc\n " );
}
else
{
ic_dev_info[ic_num].ic_state = 0 ; // 代表卡已拔出
ic_dev_info[ic_num].r_press = 0 ; // 设备不可读
ic_dev_info[ic_num].w_press = 0 ; // 设备不可写
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " ic device leave,wake up interrupt ic_interrupt_proc\n " );
}

del_timer( & ic_timer);
/* 重新配置中断引脚 */
pin_input_to_int();

ic_dev_info[ 0 ].statechange = 0 ;
spin_unlock_irqrestore( & lock ,flags);
}


/* ic卡插入时和拔出时（下降沿/上升沿）产生的中断处理程序的注册 */
static int ic_request_irqs( void )
{
int ret,i;
for (i = 0 ;i < ICCARD_NR_DEVS;i ++ )
{
ret = request_irq(ic_dev_info[i].irqno,ic_interrupt_proc,IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH,DEV_NAME,NULL);
ICDEBUG(KERN_ALERT " interrupt:number:%d\n " ,ic_dev_info[i].irqno);
}
return ret;
}

static void ic_free_irqs( void )
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ;i < ICCARD_NR_DEVS;i ++ )
free_irq(ic_dev_info[i].irqno,NULL);
return ;
}

/*
*初始化通用输入/输出引脚
*/

static void init_gpio( void )
{
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG0,S3C2410_GPG0_OUTP); // CLK
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG1,S3C2410_GPG1_OUTP); // RST
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG3,S3C2410_GPG3_OUTP); // IN
// s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG5,S3C2410_GPG5_INP); // OUT
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG6,S3C2410_GPG6_EINT14); // ICCARD_INTEREPT
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG7,S3C2410_GPG7_OUTP); //
// s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG10,S3C2410_GPG10_OUTP); //
// s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG11,S3C2410_GPG11_OUTP); //
set_irq_type(IRQ_EINT14, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH); // 设置中断为下降沿触发
}