Left Outer Join using + sign in Oracle 11g

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TableA LEFT OUTER JOIN TableB is equivalent to TableB RIGHT OUTER JOIN Table A.

In Oracle, (+) denotes the "optional" table in the JOIN. So in your first query, it's a P LEFT OUTER JOIN S. In your second query, it's S RIGHT OUTER JOIN P. They're functionally equivalent.

In the terminology, RIGHT or LEFT specify which side of the join always has a record, and the other side might be null. So in a P LEFT OUTER JOIN S, P will always have a record because it's on the LEFT, but S could be null.

See this example from java2s.com for additional explanation.

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To clarify, I guess I'm saying that terminology doesn't matter, as it's only there to help visualize. What matters is that you understand the concept of how it works.

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RIGHT vs LEFT

I've seen some confusion about what matters in determining RIGHT vs LEFT in implicit join syntax.

LEFT OUTER JOIN

SELECT * FROM A, B WHERE A.column = B.column(+)

RIGHT OUTER JOIN

SELECT * FROM A, B WHERE B.column(+) = A.column

All I did is swap sides of the terms in the WHERE clause, but they're still functionally equivalent. (See higher up in my answer for more info about that.) The placement of the (+) determines RIGHT or LEFT. (Specifically, if the (+) is on the right, it's a LEFT JOIN. If (+) is on the left, it's a RIGHT JOIN.)

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Types of JOIN

The two styles of JOIN are implicit JOINs and explicit JOINs. They are different styles of writing JOINs, but they are functionally equivalent.

See this SO question.

Implicit JOINs simply list all tables together. The join conditions are specified in a WHERE clause.

Implicit JOIN

SELECT * FROM A, B WHERE A.column = B.column(+)

Explicit JOINs associate join conditions with a specific table's inclusion instead of in a WHERE clause.

Explicit JOIN

SELECT * FROM A LEFT OUTER JOIN B ON A.column = B.column

These Implicit JOINs can be more difficult to read and comprehend, and they also have a few limitations since the join conditions are mixed in other WHERE conditions. As such, implicit JOINs are generally recommended against in favor of explicit syntax.

只要是两张以上的表关联查询的时候，就会返回一个笛卡尔乘积，数据库会去掉那些冗余的数据，只返回有用的数据。我们用左连接和右连接查询的时候就会把那些冗余的数据也查询出来，还有双向连接也是。 Oracle数据库的左连接和右连接
在Oracle PL-SQL中，左连接和右连接以如下方式来实现 
查看如下语句： 
SELECT emp_name, dept_name FORM Employee, Department WHERE Employee.emp_deptid(+) = Department.deptid 
此SQL文使用了右连接，即“(+)”所在位置的另一侧为连接的方向，右连接说明等号右侧的所有记录均会被显示，无论其在左侧是否得到匹配，也就是说上例中无论会不会出现某个部门没有一个员工的情况，这个部门的名字都会在查询结果中出现。 

反之： SELECT emp_name, dept_name FORM Employee, Department WHERE Employee.emp_deptid = Department.deptid(+)
则是左连接，无论这个员工有没有一个能在Department表中得到匹配的部门号，这个员工的记录都会被显示

一般的相等连接
select * from a,b where a.id = b.id;
这个是内连接

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/138995/blog/221966