新手上路,请多指教。
关于面向对象编程,我的理解
1)封装具有共性的事物属性和行为
2)接口和实现的分离
如果有一句话来说的话,那就是“用一个类去实例化各种各样的对象”。
下面是我在酷壳所看到的一篇文章《如何理解面向对象编程》。
关于里面的三段代码。
这是最初的版本。
public class PrintOS
{
public static void main(final String[] args)
{
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name") ;
if (osName.equals("SunOS") || osName.equals("Linux"))
{
System.out.println("This is a UNIX box and therefore good.") ;
}
else if (osName.equals("Windows NT") || osName.equals("Windows 95"))
{
System.out.println("This is a Windows box and therefore bad.") ;
}
else
{
System.out.println("This is not a box.") ;
}
}
}
接着就是过程化的版本。
过程化的方案
public class PrintOS
{
private static String unixBox()
{
return "This is a UNIX box and therefore good." ;
}
private static String windowsBox()
{
return "This is a Windows box and therefore bad." ;
}
private static String defaultBox()
{
return "This is not a box." ;
}
private static String getTheString(final String osName)
{
if (osName.equals("SunOS") || osName.equals("Linux"))
{
return unixBox() ;
}
else if (osName.equals("Windows NT") ||osName.equals("Windows 95"))
{
return windowsBox() ;
}
else
{
return defaultBox() ;
}
}
public static void main(final String[] args)
{
System.out.println(getTheString(System.getProperty("os.name"))) ;
}
}
接下来是幼稚的面向对象编程
幼稚的面向对象编程
PrintOS.java
public class PrintOS
{
public static void main(final String[] args)
{
System.out.println(OSDiscriminator.getBoxSpecifier().getStatement()) ;
}
}
OSDiscriminator.java
public class OSDiscriminator // Factory Pattern
{
private static BoxSpecifier theBoxSpecifier = null ;
public static BoxSpecifier getBoxSpecifier()
{
if (theBoxSpecifier == null)
{
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name") ;
if (osName.equals("SunOS") || osName.equals("Linux"))
{
theBoxSpecifier = new UNIXBox() ;
}
else if (osName.equals("Windows NT") || osName.equals("Windows 95"))
{
theBoxSpecifier = new WindowsBox() ;
}
else
{
theBoxSpecifier = new DefaultBox () ;
}
}
return theBoxSpecifier ;
}
}
BoxSpecifier.java
public interface BoxSpecifier
{
String getStatement() ;
}
DefaultBox.java
public class DefaultBox implements BoxSpecifier
{
public String getStatement()
{
return "This is not a box." ;
}
}
UNIXBox.java
public class UNIXBox implements BoxSpecifier
{
public String getStatement()
{
return "This is a UNIX box and therefore good." ;
}
}
WindowsBox.java
public class WindowsBox implements BoxSpecifier
{
public String getStatement()
{
return "This is a Windows box and therefore bad." ;
}
}
OO大师的方案
PrintOS.java
public class PrintOS
{
public static void main(final String[] args)
{
System.out.println(OSDiscriminator.getBoxSpecifier().getStatement()) ;
}
}
OSDiscriminator.java
public class OSDiscriminator // Factory Pattern
{
private static java.util.HashMap storage = new java.util.HashMap() ;
public static BoxSpecifier getBoxSpecifier()
{
BoxSpecifier value = (BoxSpecifier)storage.get(System.getProperty("os.name")) ;
if (value == null)
return DefaultBox.value ;
return value ;
}
public static void register(final String key, final BoxSpecifier value)
{
storage.put(key, value) ; // Should guard against null keys, actually.
}
static
{
WindowsBox.register() ;
UNIXBox.register() ;
MacBox.register() ;
}
}
BoxSpecifier.java
public interface BoxSpecifier
{
String getStatement() ;
}
DefaultBox.java
public class DefaultBox implements BoxSpecifier // Singleton Pattern
{
public static final DefaultBox value = new DefaultBox () ;
private DefaultBox() { }
public String getStatement()
{
return "This is not a box." ;
}
}
UNIXBox.java
public class UNIXBox implements BoxSpecifier // Singleton Pattern
{
public static final UNIXBox value = new UNIXBox() ;
private UNIXBox() { }
public String getStatement()
{
return "This is a UNIX box and therefore good." ;
}
public static final void register()
{
OSDiscriminator.register("SunOS", value) ;
OSDiscriminator.register("Linux", value) ;
}
}
WindowsBox.java
public class WindowsBox implements BoxSpecifier // Singleton Pattern
{
public static final WindowsBox value = new WindowsBox() ;
private WindowsBox() { }
public String getStatement()
{
return "This is a Windows box and therefore bad." ;
}
public static final void register()
{
OSDiscriminator.register("Windows NT", value) ;
OSDiscriminator.register("Windows 95", value) ;
}
}
MacBox.java
public class MacBox implements BoxSpecifier // Singleton Pattern
{
public static final MacBox value = new MacBox() ;
private MacBox() { }
public String getStatement()
{
return "This is a Macintosh box and therefore far superior." ;
}
public static final void register()
{
OSDiscriminator.register("Mac OS", value) ;
}
}
上面几个版本的代码,给我的感觉是越来越来难看懂,本来用if-else语句或者switch语句就可以简单明了的实现所需要的功能。面向对象编程是为了方便我们,使得我们的开发更加的高效率。可是,上面的面向对象反而使得有点画蛇添足。应该合理的运用面向对象编程,而不是滥用。
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/idiotxl1020/1288523