作为一个网络管理员或是工程师， 不仅仅是知道怎么去操作cisco路由器或其他cisco设备； 还应该有未雨绸缪的意识， 当设备遭到非物理破坏（非硬件破坏，只是操作系统被破坏）时， 能够快速地让它们恢复正常工作； 或是对于新买的设备（没有操作系统），怎么才能让它们运作起来？ 其实，对于硬件来说，一般不易遭到破坏， 一旦被破坏了，想恢复也难了。 所谓未雨绸缪，也即是在系统正常运作的时候， 将系统备份到服务器上，以便需要时，可以直接从服务器上还原； 1）将cisco路由器的IOS

作为一个网络管理员或是工程师，
不仅仅是知道怎么去操作cisco路由器或其他cisco设备；
还应该有未雨绸缪的意识，
当设备遭到非物理破坏（非硬件破坏，只是操作系统被破坏）时，
能够快速地让它们恢复正常工作；
或是对于新买的设备（没有操作系统），怎么才能让它们运作起来？
其实，对于硬件来说，一般不易遭到破坏，
一旦被破坏了，想恢复也难了。
所谓未雨绸缪，也即是在系统正常运作的时候，
将系统备份到服务器上，以便需要时，可以直接从服务器上还原；


1）将cisco路由器的IOS备份到tftp服务器并且还原；
a、搭建TFTP服务器；
其实，非常简单，只需要下载一个TFTP工具软件，
而后安装，完成后将tftp应用程序打开；
对于安装tftp软件的PC也就是一台TFTP服务器；
b、在tftp服务器上进行简单设置；
如图：（59）



在tftp控制台上，
选择中间按钮（符似蝴蝶）打开，
自定义一下TFTP log以及tftp root的文件路径，方便管理；
c、联通TFTP服务器与路由器
（对于PC作为服务器，使用交叉线连接）；
TFTP服务器ip192.168.1.6，
路由器连接到服务器使用的ethernet口ip192.168.1.66，
ping一下，检查一下是否联通；


d、进行系统的备份；
(说明：在备份和还原时，必须明确哪是服务器，哪是客户端；
因为执行操作一直是在客户端；）
进入路由器执行操作（客户端）：
louzuoen(config)#int ethernet 0
louzuoen(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.66 255.255.255.0
(配置路由器连接到服务器使用的ethernet口ip）
louzuoen(config-if)#no sh
louzuoen(config-if)#end

louzuoen#sh run
（查看配置的IP）
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 890 bytes
!
version 12.1
no service single-slot-reload-enable
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
service password-encryption
service udp-small-servers
service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname louzuoen
!
enable secret 5 $1$Yt6O$vZjJOceMfnm23jXbeM8A8/
enable password 7 124C5147
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.168.1.66 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
password 7 005D4753560B
logging synchronous
login
line aux 0
transport input all
line vty 0 4
password 7 144E465E5E54
login
!
end

louzuoen#ping 192.168.1.6
（测试一下联通性）
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.6, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms

louzuoen#sh flash
（查看一下flash即查看其中的目录）
System flash directory:
File Length   Name/status
1   8039948 louzuoen
（注意一下：此flash中只有一个目录；若有多个目录（存放IOS文件），
在备份时必须指定相应的目录，如copy flash：目录名 tftp）
[8040012 bytes used, 8737204 available, 16777216 total]
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
（此时flash只读，因为系统从flash启动，系统正在使用flash中的IOS)

louzuoen#copy fla tftp
（copy时，注意copy+源+目的）
Source filename []? louzuoen
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.6
（远程主机的IP，也即tftp服务器的IP）
Destination filename [louzuoen]?
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
（在备份时必须注意，若其中出现了原点‘.’，
则表示文件有丢失，必须执行组合键ctrl+shift+6强行中止，重新备份）
8039948 bytes copied in 183.660 secs (43934 bytes/sec)
（全部为‘!’，备份成功）
louzuoen#

 

e、进行系统的还原；
（1）模拟环境；
louzuoen#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
louzuoen(config)#co
louzuoen(config)#config-register 0x2101
（修改寄存值，让路由器从ROM中迷你的IOS启动）
louzuoen(config)#end
louzuoen#rel
（重启设备）
System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]:

System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: y
（保存之前的所有配置）
Building configuration...
[OK]
Proceed with reload? [confirm]

00:10:27: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested
System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c)XB2, PLATFORM SPECIFIC RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
......
          
Press RETURN to get started!

User Access Verification

Password:

louzuoen(boot)>en
（迷你模式）
Password:
louzuoen(boot)#show fla

System flash directory:
File Length   Name/status
1   8039948 louzuoen
[8040012 bytes used, 8737204 available, 16777216 total]
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
（show flash，此时flash可读可写，因为系统从ROM中迷你的IOS启动）

louzuoen(boot)#era fla
（擦除flash中的目录，模拟flash中没有IOS）

System flash directory:
File Length   Name/status
1   8039948 louzuoen
[8040012 bytes used, 8737204 available, 16777216 total]

Erase flash device? [confirm]
Are you sure? [yes/no]: y
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
（表示正在擦除）
ee ...erased
（2）执行系统还原；
louzuoen(boot)#copy tftp fla
（将tftp服务器上备份好的IOS还原到flash中）

System flash directory:
No files in System flash
[0 bytes used, 16777216 available, 16777216 total]
Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 192.168.1.6
Source file name? louzuoen
（tftp服务器上的备份文件名）
Destination file name [louzuoen]?
Accessing file 'louzuoen' on 192.168.1.6...
Loading louzuoen from 192.168.1.6 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK]
（表示可以访问到指定的文件）

Erase flash device before writing? [confirm]

Copy 'louzuoen' from server
as 'louzuoen' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no]y
（在还原之前，进行flash的初始化即格式化）
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
ee ...erased
Loading louzuoen from 192.168.1.6 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 8039948/16777216 bytes]
（同样地，全部是‘!’，还原成功）

Verifying checksum... OK (0x3F3D)
Flash copy took 0:03:58 [hh:mm:ss]

louzuoen(boot)#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
louzuoen(boot)(config)#con
louzuoen(boot)(config)#config-register 0x2102
（修改寄存值，让路由器从flash中启动）
louzuoen(boot)(config)#end
louzuoen(boot)#rel
0:07:33: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
louzuoen(boot)#rel
（重启，路由器从flash中启动）
......
Press RETURN to get started!

User Access Verification

Password:

louzuoen>en

Password:
louzuoen#show fla

System flash directory:
File Length   Name/status
1   8039948 louzuoen
[8040012 bytes used, 8737204 available, 16777216 total]
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
（flash只读）(责任编辑：admin)