作为一个网络管理员或是工程师, 不仅仅是知道怎么去操作cisco路由器或其他cisco设备; 还应该有未雨绸缪的意识, 当设备遭到非物理破坏(非硬件破坏,只是操作系统被破坏)时, 能够快速地让它们恢复正常工作; 或是对于新买的设备(没有操作系统),怎么才能让它们运作起来? 其实,对于硬件来说,一般不易遭到破坏, 一旦被破坏了,想恢复也难了。 所谓未雨绸缪,也即是在系统正常运作的时候, 将系统备份到服务器上,以便需要时,可以直接从服务器上还原; 1)将cisco路由器的IOS备份到tftp服务器并且还原; a、搭建TFTP服务器; 其实,非常简单,只需要下载一个TFTP工具软件, 而后安装,完成后将tftp应用程序打开; 对于安装tftp软件的PC也就是一台TFTP服务器; b、在tftp服务器上进行简单设置; 如图:(59) ![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/280ce9b2745e7514bd61eb05607fc82e.jpeg)
在tftp控制台上, 选择中间按钮(符似蝴蝶)打开, 自定义一下TFTP log以及tftp root的文件路径,方便管理; c、联通TFTP服务器与路由器 (对于PC作为服务器,使用交叉线连接); TFTP服务器ip192.168.1.6, 路由器连接到服务器使用的ethernet口ip192.168.1.66, ping一下,检查一下是否联通; d、进行系统的备份; (说明:在备份和还原时,必须明确哪是服务器,哪是客户端; 因为执行操作一直是在客户端;) 进入路由器执行操作(客户端): louzuoen(config)#int ethernet 0 louzuoen(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.66 255.255.255.0 (配置路由器连接到服务器使用的ethernet口ip) louzuoen(config-if)#no sh louzuoen(config-if)#end louzuoen#sh run (查看配置的IP) Building configuration... Current configuration : 890 bytes ! version 12.1 no service single-slot-reload-enable service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime service password-encryption service udp-small-servers service tcp-small-servers ! hostname louzuoen ! enable secret 5 $1$Yt6O$vZjJOceMfnm23jXbeM8A8/ enable password 7 124C5147 ! ip subnet-zero no ip domain-lookup ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 192.168.1.66 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 password 7 005D4753560B logging synchronous login line aux 0 transport input all line vty 0 4 password 7 144E465E5E54 login ! end louzuoen#ping 192.168.1.6 (测试一下联通性) Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.6, timeout is 2 seconds: .!!!! Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms louzuoen#sh flash (查看一下flash即查看其中的目录) System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 8039948 louzuoen (注意一下:此flash中只有一个目录;若有多个目录(存放IOS文件), 在备份时必须指定相应的目录,如copy flash:目录名 tftp) [8040012 bytes used, 8737204 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) (此时flash只读,因为系统从flash启动,系统正在使用flash中的IOS) louzuoen#copy fla tftp (copy时,注意copy+源+目的) Source filename []? louzuoen Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.6 (远程主机的IP,也即tftp服务器的IP) Destination filename [louzuoen]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (在备份时必须注意,若其中出现了原点‘.’, 则表示文件有丢失,必须执行组合键ctrl+shift+6强行中止,重新备份) 8039948 bytes copied in 183.660 secs (43934 bytes/sec) (全部为‘!’,备份成功) louzuoen# e、进行系统的还原; (1)模拟环境; louzuoen#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. louzuoen(config)#co louzuoen(config)#config-register 0x2101 (修改寄存值,让路由器从ROM中迷你的IOS启动) louzuoen(config)#end louzuoen#rel (重启设备) System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: y (保存之前的所有配置) Building configuration... [OK] Proceed with reload? [confirm] 00:10:27: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c)XB2, PLATFORM SPECIFIC RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) ...... Press RETURN to get started! User Access Verification Password: louzuoen(boot)>en (迷你模式) Password: louzuoen(boot)#show fla System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 8039948 louzuoen [8040012 bytes used, 8737204 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) (show flash,此时flash可读可写,因为系统从ROM中迷你的IOS启动) louzuoen(boot)#era fla (擦除flash中的目录,模拟flash中没有IOS) System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 8039948 louzuoen [8040012 bytes used, 8737204 available, 16777216 total] Erase flash device? [confirm] Are you sure? [yes/no]: y Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (表示正在擦除) ee ...erased (2)执行系统还原; louzuoen(boot)#copy tftp fla (将tftp服务器上备份好的IOS还原到flash中) System flash directory: No files in System flash [0 bytes used, 16777216 available, 16777216 total] Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 192.168.1.6 Source file name? louzuoen (tftp服务器上的备份文件名) Destination file name [louzuoen]? Accessing file 'louzuoen' on 192.168.1.6... Loading louzuoen from 192.168.1.6 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK] (表示可以访问到指定的文件) Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Copy 'louzuoen' from server as 'louzuoen' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no]y (在还原之前,进行flash的初始化即格式化) Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee ...erased Loading louzuoen from 192.168.1.6 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK - 8039948/16777216 bytes] (同样地,全部是‘!’,还原成功) Verifying checksum... OK (0x3F3D) Flash copy took 0:03:58 [hh:mm:ss] louzuoen(boot)#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. louzuoen(boot)(config)#con louzuoen(boot)(config)#config-register 0x2102 (修改寄存值,让路由器从flash中启动) louzuoen(boot)(config)#end louzuoen(boot)#rel 0:07:33: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console louzuoen(boot)#rel (重启,路由器从flash中启动) ...... Press RETURN to get started! User Access Verification Password: louzuoen>en Password: louzuoen#show fla System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 8039948 louzuoen [8040012 bytes used, 8737204 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) (flash只读)(责任编辑:admin) |