1.判断变量是否为空

      [ -z "$VAR" ]&&echo “NULL”||echo "NOT NULL"

2.判断变量是否存在

      [ -e "$VAR" ]&& echo "EXIST"||echo "NOT EXIST"

3. 使用双引号和单引号定义变量内容的区别

1) var="lang is $LANG"&&echo $var， 返回lang is en_US

2) var='lang is $LANG'&&echo $var，返回lang is $LANG

4. 编写一个可接收stdin的脚本

#!/bin/bash

read input

echo $input| filter1| filter2….