Oracle 的密码策略，你知道多少？

今天突然有客户问我一个问题，数据库要添加一个监控用户，想做一个会话数的限制，这里做了一个小测试，平日维护的时候也需要关注一下数据库的资源限制。

<roidb1:orcl1:/home/oracle>$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Sep 18 18:16:19 2017  

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options



SQL> show parameter resource_limit

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------
resource_limit                       boolean     FALSE      --默认值    
SQL>


SQL> set linesize 160
SQL> select * from dba_profiles order by 1,3,2;

PROFILE                        RESOURCE_NAME                 RESOURCE LIMIT
------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------ ---------
DEFAULT                        COMPOSITE_LIMIT                  KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        CONNECT_TIME                     KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        CPU_PER_CALL                     KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        CPU_PER_SESSION                  KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        IDLE_TIME                        KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL           KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION        KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        PRIVATE_SGA                      KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        SESSIONS_PER_USER                KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS            PASSWORD 10
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME              PASSWORD 7

PROFILE                        RESOURCE_NAME                 RESOURCE LIMIT
------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------ --------
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME               PASSWORD 180
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME               PASSWORD 1
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX               PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME              PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION         PASSWORD NULL
MONITORING_PROFILE             COMPOSITE_LIMIT                  KERNEL   DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             CONNECT_TIME                     KERNEL   DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             CPU_PER_CALL                     KERNEL   DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             CPU_PER_SESSION                  KERNEL   DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             IDLE_TIME                        KERNEL   DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL           KERNEL   DEFAULT

PROFILE                        RESOURCE_NAME                 RESOURCE LIMIT
------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------ --------------- 
MONITORING_PROFILE             LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION        KERNEL   DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             PRIVATE_SGA                      KERNEL   DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             SESSIONS_PER_USER                KERNEL   DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS            PASSWORD UNLIMITED
MONITORING_PROFILE             PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME              PASSWORD DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME               PASSWORD DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME               PASSWORD DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX               PASSWORD DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME              PASSWORD DEFAULT
MONITORING_PROFILE             PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION         PASSWORD DEFAULT

32 rows selected.


测试1： FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS=10 是否是生效

SQL> create user roidba identified by roidba;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource,dba to roidba;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> exit 


省略..................经过十次登陆...........



<roidb1:orcl1:/home/oracle>$sqlplus roidba/roidbaa

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Sep 18 18:26:37 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-28000: the account is locked


Enter user-name: 
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied


Enter user-name: 


实验证明不管 resource_limit 是否为true，和密码相关的限制都是生效，其他和密码相关的大家可以自己测试。


DEFAULT                        FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS            PASSWORD 10     --密码输入十次都是错误，用户锁定
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME               PASSWORD 1      --锁定一天以后自动解锁
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME               PASSWORD 180    --密码生命周期180天，之后密码失效
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME              PASSWORD 7      --宽限延续期，宽限期内登陆会有提示。


安装完数据库，一般会把password_life_time设置为unlimited。
SQL> alter profile default limit password_life_time unlimited;
Profile altered.



继续测试2：
SQL> create profile sess limit   
  2  SESSIONS_PER_USER 2;

Profile created.


SQL> alter user roidba profile sess;

User altered.

SQL> alter system set resource_limit=true;

System altered.


打开三个窗口，前两个都顺利登陆，第三个出现以下报错。


<roidb1:orcl1:/home/oracle>$sqlplus roidba/roidba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Sep 18 18:48:24 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-02391: exceeded simultaneous SESSIONS_PER_USER limit


Enter user-name: 

小伙伴们，不要光看不练，花个十分二十分钟动手操作一下哈！

本文转自 roidba 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/roidba/1966441，如需转载请自行联系原作者