本文摘录自《Nodejs学习笔记》,更多章节及更新,请访问 github主页地址。欢迎加群交流,群号 197339705。
模块概览
readline是个非常实用的模块。如名字所示,主要用来实现逐行读取,比如读取用户输入,或者读取文件内容。常见使用场景有下面几种,本文会逐一举例说明。本文相关代码可在笔者github上找到。
文件逐行读取:比如说进行日志分析。
自动完成:比如输入npm,自动提示"help init install"。
命令行工具:比如npm init这种问答式的脚手架工具。
基础例子
先看个简单的例子,要求用户输入一个单词,然后自动转成大写
const readline = require('readline');
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout
});
rl.question('Please input a word: ', function(answer){
console.log('You have entered {%s}', answer.toUpperCase());
rl.close();
});
运行如下:
➜ toUpperCase git:(master) ✗ node app.js
Please input a word: hello
You have entered {HELLO}
例子:文件逐行读取:日志分析
比如我们有如下日志文件access.log,我们想要提取“访问时间+访问地址”,借助readline
可以很方便的完成日志分析的工作。
[2016-12-09 13:56:48.407] [INFO] access - ::ffff:127.0.0.1 - - "GET /oc/v/account/user.html HTTP/1.1" 200 213125 "http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/login.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36"
[2016-12-09 14:00:10.618] [INFO] access - ::ffff:127.0.0.1 - - "GET /oc/v/contract/underlying.html HTTP/1.1" 200 216376 "http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36"
[2016-12-09 14:00:34.200] [INFO] access - ::ffff:127.0.0.1 - - "GET /oc/v/contract/underlying.html HTTP/1.1" 200 216376 "http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36"
代码如下:
const readline = require('readline');
const fs = require('fs');
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: fs.createReadStream('./access.log')
});
rl.on('line', (line) => {
const arr = line.split(' ');
console.log('访问时间:%s %s,访问地址:%s', arr[0], arr[1], arr[13]);
});
运行结果如下:
➜ lineByLineFromFile git:(master) ✗ node app.js
访问时间:[2016-12-09 13:56:48.407],访问地址:"http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/login.html"
访问时间:[2016-12-09 14:00:10.618],访问地址:"http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html"
访问时间:[2016-12-09 14:00:34.200],访问地址:"http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html"
例子:自动完成:代码提示
这里我们实现一个简单的自动完成功能,当用户输入npm时,按tab键,自动提示用户可选的子命令,如help、init、install。
输入
np
,按下tab:自动补全为npm输入
npm in
,按下tab:自动提示可选子命令 init、install输入
npm inst
,按下tab:自动补全为npm install
const readline = require('readline');
const fs = require('fs');
function completer(line) {
const command = 'npm';
const subCommands = ['help', 'init', 'install'];
// 输入为空,或者为npm的一部分,则tab补全为npm
if(line.length < command.length){
return [command.indexOf(line) === 0 ? [command] : [], line];
}
// 输入 npm,tab提示 help init install
// 输入 npm in,tab提示 init install
let hits = subCommands.filter(function(subCommand){
const lineTrippedCommand = line.replace(command, '').trim();
return lineTrippedCommand && subCommand.indexOf( lineTrippedCommand ) === 0;
})
if(hits.length === 1){
hits = hits.map(function(hit){
return [command, hit].join(' ');
});
}
return [hits.length ? hits : subCommands, line];
}
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout,
completer: completer
});
rl.prompt();
代码运行效果如下,当输入npm in
,按下tab键,则会自动提示可选子命令init、install。
➜ autoComplete git:(master) ✗ node app.js
> npm in
init install
例子:命令行工具:npmt init
下面借助readline实现一个迷你版的npm init
功能,运行脚本时,会依次要求用户输入name、version、author属性(其他略过)。
这里用到的是rl.question(msg, cbk)
这个方法,它会在控制台输入一行提示,当用户完成输入,敲击回车,cbk
就会被调用,并把用户输入作为参数传入。
const readline = require('readline');
const fs = require('fs');
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout,
prompt: 'OHAI> '
});
const preHint = `
This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.
See \`npm help json\` for definitive documentation on these fields
and exactly what they do.
Use \`npm install <pkg> --save\` afterwards to install a package and
save it as a dependency in the package.json file.
Press ^C at any time to quit.
`;
console.log(preHint);
// 问题
let questions = [ 'name', 'version', 'author'];
// 默认答案
let defaultAnswers = [ 'name', '1.0.0', 'none' ];
// 用户答案
let answers = [];
let index = 0;
function createPackageJson(){
var map = {};
questions.forEach(function(question, index){
map[question] = answers[index];
});
fs.writeFileSync('./package.json', JSON.stringify(map, null, 4));
}
function runQuestionLoop() {
if(index === questions.length) {
createPackageJson();
rl.close();
return;
}
let defaultAnswer = defaultAnswers[index];
let question = questions[index] + ': (' + defaultAnswer +') ';
rl.question(question, function(answer){
answers.push(answer || defaultAnswer);
index++;
runQuestionLoop();
});
}
runQuestionLoop();
运行效果如下,最后还像模像样的生成了package.json(害羞脸)。
➜ commandLine git:(master) ✗ node app.js
This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.
See `npm help json` for definitive documentation on these fields
and exactly what they do.
Use `npm install <pkg> --save` afterwards to install a package and
save it as a dependency in the package.json file.
Press ^C at any time to quit.
name: (name) hello
version: (1.0.0) 0.0.1
author: (none) chyingp
写在后面
有不少基于readline的有趣的工具,比如各种脚手架工具。限于篇幅不展开,感兴趣的同学可以研究下。