最近在使用ThreadPoolExecutor时遇到一个问题:当ThreadPoolExecutor使用的BlockingQueue为PriorityBlockingQueue时,会出现异常,原因是java.util.concurrent.FutureTask cannot be cast to java.lang.Comparable。Google之,发现有很多同样的问题,但没有给出解决方案,只能查看源代码以期能找到并解决问题。
首先根据Exception找到问题原因:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.concurrent.FutureTask cannot be cast to java.lang.Comparable
at java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue.siftUpComparable(PriorityBlockingQueue.java:347)
at java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue.offer(PriorityBlockingQueue.java:475)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1329)
at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:132)
...
找到java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue.siftUpComparable方法:
private static <T> void siftUpComparable(int k, T x, Object[] array) {
Comparable<? super T> key = (Comparable<? super T>) x;
while (k > 0) {
int parent = (k - 1) >>> 1;
Object e = array[parent];
if (key.compareTo((T) e) >= 0)
break;
array[k] = e;
k = parent;
}
array[k] = key;
}
是在Comparable<? super T> key = (Comparable<? super T>) x;上出现问题,根据java.util.concurrent.FutureTask cannot be cast to java.lang.Comparable知道x的类型是java.util.concurrent.FutureTask。现在看看FutureTask:
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> {
...
public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
...
public
interface Runnable {
...
public interface Future<V> {
...
可见FutureTask的确没有实现Comparable接口。但是我所提交的Task
public static class Task implements Callable<Integer>, Comparable<Task> {
...
是实现了Comparable接口的。我的Task为什么变成了FutureTask?只好找到ThreadPoolExecutor的submit(Callable<T> task)方法一看究竟,它是在AbstractExecutorService中实现的。
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
可以看到通过newTaskFor方法,我所提交的Task变成了FutureTask:
protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable) {
return new FutureTask<T>(callable);
}
OK,看来问题就是出在FutureTask这个类上了:
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> {
private final Sync sync;
public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
if (callable == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
sync = new Sync(callable);
}
...
private final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
private final Callable<V> callable;
Sync(Callable<V> callable) {
this.callable = callable;
}
...
看来他是将我提交的Task的Comparable接口直接忽略了。现在的问题就变成了让FutureTask支持Comparable接口,最简单的方法是用一个ComparableFutureTask继承FutureTask并实现Comparable接口,但也必须要Override ThreadPoolExecutor的newTaskFor方法,显得有些麻烦。为此又继续Google,却没有发现一些更好的方法。先实现了再说。
package canghailan.util.concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* @author canghailan
* @datetime 2011-12-10 13:57:19
*/
public class XThreadPoolExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor {
public XThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue);
}
public XThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, handler);
}
public XThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory);
}
public XThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory, handler);
}
@Override
protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Runnable runnable, T value) {
return new ComparableFutureTask<>(runnable, value);
}
@Override
protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable) {
return new ComparableFutureTask<>(callable);
}
protected class ComparableFutureTask<V>
extends FutureTask<V> implements Comparable<ComparableFutureTask<V>> {
private Object object;
public ComparableFutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
super(callable);
object = callable;
}
public ComparableFutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {
super(runnable, result);
object = runnable;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public int compareTo(ComparableFutureTask<V> o) {
if (this == o) {
return 0;
}
if (o == null) {
return -1; // high priority
}
if (object != null && o.object != null) {
if (object.getClass().equals(o.object.getClass())) {
if (object instanceof Comparable) {
return ((Comparable) object).compareTo(o.object);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
}
}
测试一下:
package canghailan;
import canghailan.util.concurrent.XThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Phaser;
import java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* @author canghailan
* @datetime 2011-12-10 7:09:39
*/
public class TestXThreadPoolExecutor {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
Phaser phaser = new Phaser(1);
ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
ExecutorService service = new XThreadPoolExecutor(
5, 5, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new PriorityBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
phaser.register();
service.submit(new Task(i, queue, phaser));
}
phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
System.out.println(queue);
service.shutdown();
}
public static class Task implements Callable<Integer>, Comparable<Task> {
private Integer id;
private ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer> queue;
private Phaser phaser;
public Task(Integer id, ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer> queue, Phaser phaser) {
this.id = id;
this.queue = queue;
this.phaser = phaser;
}
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
queue.offer(id);
phaser.arrive();
return id;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Task o) {
return -id.compareTo(o.id);
}
}
}
输出为[0, 1, 2, 3, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4],[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 5, 9, 8],[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 5, 9, 8]...。
根据结果来看,的确起作用了。先到此为止,如果有更好的办法,请不吝赐教。