wcf-2

1.前言

 

上一篇,我 们通过VS自带的模板引擎自动生成了一个wcf程序,接下来我们将手动实现一个wcf程序。由于应用程序开发中一般都会涉及到大量的增删改查业务,所以这 个程序将简单演示如何在wcf中构建简单的增删改查服务。我们知道WCF是一组通讯服务框架,我将解决方案按大范围划分为服务端,客户端通过服务寄宿程序 产生的代理来调用服务端的公开给客户端消费的方法。总个解决方案由五个项目工程:

  • Service:定义服务契约接口和实现服务契约,此项目类型为类库项目
  • Common:通用层定义数据访问的帮助类,此项目类型为类库项目
  • Entity:定义数据契约,也就是实体对象,此项目类型为类库项目
  • Host:服务寄宿程序,将Service服务程序寄宿在该程序中,此项目类型为控制台应用程序
  • Client:客户端程序,实现对服务的消费,此项目类型为web项目

      

 

2.实现程序

步骤一:建立数据库

为方便演示操作,我们建立一个简单的表,学生信息(Student),创建的脚本如下(此处我采用的是sql server数据库):

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SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
 
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIERON
GO CREATE TABLE[dbo].[Student]( [ID] [int] NOT NULL, [Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL, [Age] [int] NULL, [Grade] [nvarchar](50) NULL, [Address] [nvarchar](50) NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_Student] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY]
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步骤二:建立Common层

新建一个空白解决方案,名称为WcfDemo,创建完成后新增一个类库文件命名为Common,再添加一个数据库访问帮助类DbHelperSQL:代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Configuration; using System.Data.Common; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace Common { public class DbHelperSQL { public static string connectionString ="server=.;database=test;uid=sa;pwd=sa123"; public static int ExecuteSql(stringSQLString) { using (SqlConnection connection =new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = newSqlCommand(SQLString, connection)) { try { connection.Open(); int rows =cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); return rows; } catch(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { connection.Close(); throw e; } } } } public static SqlDataReaderExecuteReader(string strSQL) { SqlConnection connection = newSqlConnection(connectionString); SqlCommand cmd = newSqlCommand(strSQL, connection); try { connection.Open(); SqlDataReader myReader =cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); return myReader; } catch(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } } public static DataSet Query(stringSQLString) { using (SqlConnection connection =new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); try { connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter command =new SqlDataAdapter(SQLString, connection); command.Fill(ds,"ds"); } catch(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex) { throw newException(ex.Message); } return ds; } } } }
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步骤三:建立Entity层

在WcfDemo解决方案上新建一个名称为Entity的类库项目,添加对System.Runtime.Serialization的引用,创建服务的数据契约。新增Student类,代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.Serialization; namespace Entity { [DataContract] public class Student { [DataMember] public int ID { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public int Age { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Grade { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Address { get; set; } } }
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步骤四:建立Service层

  此项目需要对Common和Entity的引用,再添加对System.ServiceModel的引用,以创建服务契约。在该项目中添加IStudent接口,定义服务契约接口,代码如下:

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using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ServiceModel;
using Entity; namespace Service { [ServiceContract] public interface IStudent { [OperationContract] List<Student> GetInfo(stringstrWhere); [OperationContract] bool Add(Student model); [OperationContract] bool Update(Student model); [OperationContract] bool Delete(int id); [OperationContract] bool Exist(int id); } }
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再添加EFStudent类,实现对IStudent接口的实现,代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text; using System.Data; using Common; using Entity; namespace Service { public class EFStudent:IStudent { public List<Student>GetInfo(string strWhere) { List<Student> listData = newList<Student>(); string strSql = "select * fromstudent"; DataTable dt=DbHelperSQL.Query(strSql).Tables[0]; if (null != dt &&dt.Rows.Count > 0) { for (int i = 0; i <dt.Rows.Count; i++) { Student model = newStudent(); model.ID =Convert.ToInt32(dt.Rows[i]["ID"]); model.Name =dt.Rows[i]["Name"].ToString(); model.Age =Convert.ToInt32(dt.Rows[i]["Age"]); model.Grade =dt.Rows[i]["Grade"].ToString(); model.Address =dt.Rows[i]["Address"].ToString(); listData.Add(model); } } return listData; } public bool Add(Student model) { StringBuilder strSql = newStringBuilder(); strSql.Append(" insert intostudent values "); strSql.Append(" ( "); strSql.Append(" " +model.ID + ", "); strSql.Append(" '" +model.Name + "', "); strSql.Append(" " +model.Age + ", "); strSql.Append(" '" +model.Grade + "', "); strSql.Append(" '" +model.Address + "' "); strSql.Append(" ) "); int rows =DbHelperSQL.ExecuteSql(strSql.ToString()); if (rows > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } public bool Update(Student model) { StringBuilder strSql = newStringBuilder(); strSql.Append(" update studentset "); strSql.Append(" Name= '"+ model.Name + "', "); strSql.Append(" Age= " +model.Age + ", "); strSql.Append(" Grade= '" +model.Grade + "', "); strSql.Append(" Address='" + model.Address + "' "); strSql.Append(" WhereID=" + model.ID + " "); int rows =DbHelperSQL.ExecuteSql(strSql.ToString()); if (rows > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } public bool Delete(int id) { StringBuilder strSql = new StringBuilder(); strSql.Append(" delete fromstudent where ID=" + id + " "); int rows =DbHelperSQL.ExecuteSql(strSql.ToString()); if (rows > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } public bool Exist(int id) { StringBuilder strSql = newStringBuilder(); strSql.Append(" select ID fromstudent where ID=" + id + " "); DataTable dt =DbHelperSQL.Query(strSql.ToString()).Tables[0]; if (null != dt &&dt.Rows.Count > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } } }
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步骤五:建立Host层,对Service进行寄宿

此项目需要对Service项目的引用,并添加对using System.ServiceModel的引用,添加寄宿的服务配置文件App.config,代码如下:

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<?xmlversion="1.0"?>
<configuration> <system.serviceModel> <services> <servicename="Service.EFStudent"behaviorConfiguration="EFStudentBehavior"> <host> <baseAddresses> <addbaseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:1234/EFStudent/"/> </baseAddresses> </host> <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding"contract="Service.IStudent"/> <endpoint address="mex"binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behaviorname="EFStudentBehavior"> <serviceMetadatahttpGetEnabled="True"/> <serviceDebugincludeExceptionDetailInFaults="True"/> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> </system.serviceModel> <startup> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0"sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/> </startup> </configuration>
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 服务寄宿程序Host的Program.cs的代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.ServiceModel; using Service; namespace Host { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { try { using (ServiceHost host = newServiceHost(typeof(EFStudent))) { host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("StudentService已经启动,按任意键终止!"); }; host.Open(); Console.Read(); } } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); Console.ReadLine(); } } } }
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 此时,可以编译程序,找到Host项目生成目录,运行Host.exe,就可以对服务进行寄宿,如果寄宿成功,在浏览器中输入http://127.0.0.1:1234/EFStudent地址,就可以看到如下图所示页面:

  

步骤六:建立Web客户端

新建一个空Client的Web引用程序,添加对服务的引用,输入刚才在浏览器中输入的地址,然后点击发现前往按钮就可以发现服务了,点击确定添加对服务的引用,vs会自动生成对服务的应用配置文件和代理类,如果需要手动生成,可以参考WCF初探—1:认识wcf。添加MainForm.aspx页面,前端代码如下:

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<%@ PageLanguage="C#" AutoEventWireup="true"CodeBehind="MainForm.aspx.cs"EnableEventValidation="false" Inherits="Client.MainForm" %> <!DOCTYPE htmlPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <headrunat="server"> <title></title> <scripttype="text/javascript"> var prevselitem = null; function selectx(row) { if (prevselitem != null) { prevselitem.style.backgroundColor = '#ffffff'; } row.style.backgroundColor ='PeachPuff'; prevselitem = row; } </script> </head> <body> <form id="form1"runat="server"> <asp:GridView ID="GridView1"runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" onrowdeleting="GridView1_RowDeleting" onrowdatabound="GridView1_RowDataBound" onrowcommand="GridView1_RowCommand"> <Columns> <asp:TemplateFieldHeaderText="编号"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:LabelID="lbl_id" runat="server" Text='<%#Bind("ID") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:BoundFieldDataField="Name" HeaderText="姓名" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Age"HeaderText="年龄"/> <asp:BoundFieldDataField="Grade" HeaderText="年级" /> <asp:BoundFieldDataField="Address" HeaderText="家庭地址" /> <asp:CommandFieldHeaderText="删除"ShowDeleteButton="True" /> <asp:TemplateFieldHeaderText="编辑">         <ItemTemplate>             <asp:LinkButtonID="lbtID" CommandName="lbtn" runat="server"ForeColor="Blue" Text="编辑"> </asp:LinkButton>           </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:GridView> <p>编号<asp:TextBox ID="txt_id"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p> <p>姓名<asp:TextBox ID="txt_name"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p> <p>年龄<asp:TextBox ID="txt_age"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p> <p>年级<asp:TextBox ID="txt_grade"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p> <p>家庭地址<asp:TextBox ID="txt_address"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p> <asp:Button ID="btnAdd"runat="server" Text="保存" οnclick="btnAdd_Click" /> </form> </body> </html>
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后台代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using Client.ServiceReference; namespace Client { public partial class MainForm :System.Web.UI.Page { StudentClient proxy = newStudentClient(); protected void Page_Load(object sender,EventArgs e) { if (!Page.IsPostBack) { BindData(); } } private void BindData() { Student[] listData =proxy.GetInfo(""); this.GridView1.DataSource =listData.ToList(); this.GridView1.DataBind(); } protected void btnAdd_Click(objectsender, EventArgs e) { Student model = new Student(); model.ID =Convert.ToInt32(this.txt_id.Text); model.Name = this.txt_name.Text; model.Age =Convert.ToInt32(this.txt_age.Text); model.Grade = this.txt_grade.Text; model.Address =this.txt_address.Text; if (proxy.Exist(model.ID)) { proxy.Update(model); } else { proxy.Add(model); } BindData(); } protected voidGridView1_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e) { int id =Convert.ToInt16(((GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("lbl_id") asLabel).Text)); bool flag = proxy.Delete(id); if (flag) { Response.Write("<Script>alert(' 删除成功!')</Script> "); BindData(); } else { Response.Write("<Script>alert(' 删除失败!')</Script> "); } } protected voidGridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e) { if (e.Row.RowType ==DataControlRowType.DataRow) { e.Row.Attributes.Add("onclick", e.Row.ClientID.ToString() +".checked=true;selectx(this)");//点击行变色  } } protected voidGridView1_RowCommand(object sender, GridViewCommandEventArgs e) { if (e.CommandName =="lbtn")         {           GridViewRow gvrow =(GridViewRow)(((LinkButton)e.CommandSource).NamingContainer); //获取被点击的linkButton所在的GridViewRow           int index =gvrow.RowIndex; //获取到行索引 RowIndex this.txt_id.Text =(GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[0].FindControl("lbl_id") asLabel).Text.Trim();         this.txt_name.Text=GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[1].Text.Trim(); this.txt_age.Text =GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[2].Text.Trim(); this.txt_grade.Text =GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[3].Text.Trim(); this.txt_address.Text =GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[4].Text.Trim();         }      } }
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到此,我们完成了一个手动编写的WCF程序,我没有讲太多的原理,这个在网络上可以搜索到很多对概念的解释,我这个以实际操作为准,对平时学习的一个积累,如有不当之处,欢迎指出,共同学习进步。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lihaijia/p/4726324.html

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