其五，分支语句和逻辑运算符

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

分支语句

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;



/*
int main() {
	char ch;
	int spaces = 0;
	int total = 0;
	cin.get(ch);
	while (ch != '.') {
		if (ch == ' ') {
			spaces++;
		}
		total++;
		cin.get(ch);
		//联系5.8练习题
		//循环内继续读取输入以判定结束标志
	}
	cout << spaces << " spaces, " << total;
	cout << " characters total in sentence\n";
	return 0;
}
*/

/*
//if-else结构
int main() {
	char ch;
	cout << "Type, and I shall repeat.\n";
	cin.get(ch);
	while (ch != '.') {
		if (ch == '\n') {
			cout << ch;
		}
		else {
			//cout << ++ch;
			cout << ch + 1;
			//ch+1结果被提升为int型
		}
		cin.get(ch);
	}
	cout << "\nPlease excuse the slight confusion.\n";
	return 0;
}*/
//else之后也可以是语句块
//也可以继续添加if-else
//整个结构被视为一条语句
/*
const int Fave = 27;
int main() {
	int n;
	cout << "Enter a number in the range 1-100 to find ";
	cout << "my favorite number: ";
	do {
		cin >> n;
		if (n < Fave) {
			cout << "Too low _____ guess again: ";
		}
		else if (n > Fave) {
			cout << "Too high _____ guess again: ";
		}
		else {
			cout << Fave << " is right!";
		}
	} while (n != Fave);
	return 0;
}*/

//switch
/*void showmenu();
void report();
void comfort();
int main() {
	showmenu();
	int choice;
	cin >> choice;
	while (choice != 5) {
		switch (choice) {
			case 1:cout << "\a\n";
				break;
			case 2:report();
				break;
			case 3:cout << "The boss was in all day.\n";
				break;
			case 4:comfort();
				break;
			default:cout << "That's not a choice.\n";
		}
		showmenu();
		cin >> choice;
	}
	cout << "Bye!\n";
	return 0;
}
void showmenu() {
	cout << "Please enter 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5:\n1)alarm		2)report\n3)alibi		4)comfort\n"
		"5)quit\n";
}
void report() {
	cout << "It's been an excellent week for business.\n"
		"Sales are up 120%. Expenses are down 35%.\n";
}
void comfort() {
	cout << "Your employees think you are the finest CEO\n"
		"in the industry. The board of directors think\n"
		"you are the finest CEO in the industry.\n";
}*/
//switch case接受的类型必须是整数常量，int\char,或枚举量
//break表示终止循环，没有break将会继续检测
/*enum { red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, indigo };
int main() {
	cout << "Enter color code(0-6): ";
	int code;
	cin >> code;
	while (code >= red && code <= indigo) {
		switch (code) {
		case red:cout << "Her lios were red.\n"; break;
		case orange:cout << "Her hair was orange.\n"; break;
		case yellow:cout << "Her shoes were yellow.\n"; break;
		case green:cout << "Her nails were green.\n"; break;
		case blue:cout << "Her sweatsuit was blue.\n"; break;
		case violet:cout << "Her eyes were violet.\n"; break;
		case indigo:cout << "Her mood was indigo.\n"; break;
		}
		cout << "Enter color code(0-6): ";
		cin >> code;
	}
	cout << "Bye\n";
	return 0;
}*/
//当选项全为常量且不少于3个时，switch效率高于ifelse


//数字循环
/*const int Max = 5;
int main() {
	int golf[Max];
	cout << "Please enter your golf scores.\n";
	cout << "You must enter " << Max << " rounds.\n";
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < Max; i++) {
		cout << "round #" << i + 1 << ": ";
		while (!(cin >> golf[i])) {
			cin.clear();
			while (cin.get() != '\n') {
				continue;
				//会回跳至整个循环的开头
				//而非上一级
			}
			cout << "Please enter a number: ";
		}
	}
	double total = 0.0;
	for (i = 0; i < Max; i++) {
		total += golf[i];
	}
	cout << total / Max << " = average score " << Max << " rounds\n";
	return 0;
}*/

初识文件写入读取

//文件输入输出
//与iostream不同，文建输出必须声明自己的ofstream对象(cout)
#include<fstream>
/*int main() {
	char automobile[50];
	int year;
	double a_price;
	double b_price;

	ofstream outFile;
	outFile.open("carinfo.txt");
	//如果没有，会自动新建
	//如果存在，会清空原内容

	cout << "Enter the make and model of automobile: ";
	cin.getline(automobile, 50);
	cout << "Enter the model year: ";
	cin >> year;
	cout << "Enter the original asking price: ";
	cin >> a_price;
	b_price = 0.913*a_price;

	cout << fixed;
	//用一般的方式输出浮点数,而不是科学计数法
	cout.precision(2);
	//数据精度
	cout.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
	//显示浮点数小数点后面的零
	cout << "Make and model: " << automobile << endl;
	cout << "Year: " << year << endl;
	cout << "Was asking $" << a_price << endl;
	cout << "Now asking $" << b_price << endl;
	//cout可替换为outFile
	//outFile<<fixed;

	outFile.close();
	return 0;
}*/

//读取文件ifstream
#include<fstream>
#include<cstdlib>
const int SIZE = 60;
int main() {
	char filename[SIZE];
	ifstream inFile;
	cout << "Enter the name of data file: ";
	cin.getline(filename, SIZE);
	inFile.open(filename);
	if (!inFile.is_open()) {
		cout << "Could not open the file " << filename << endl;
		cout << "Program terminating.\n";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	double value;
	double sum = 0.0;
	int count = 0;

	inFile >> value;
	while (inFile.good()) {
		++count;
		sum += value;
		inFile >> value;
	}
	if (inFile.eof()) {
		cout << "End of file reached.\n";
	}
	else if (inFile.fail()) {
		cout << "Input terminated by data mismatch.\n";
	}
	else {
		cout << "Items read: " << count << endl;
		cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl;
		cout << "Average: " << sum / count << endl;
	}
	inFile.close();
	return 0;
}

逻辑运算符

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//or
/*
int main() {
	cout << "This program may re format your hard disk\n"
		"and destroy all your data.\n"
		"Do you still wish to continue?<y/n>";
	char ch;
	cin.get(ch);
	if (ch == 'y' || ch == 'Y') {
		cout << "You were warned!\a\a\n";
	}
	else if (ch == 'n' || ch == 'N') {
		cout << "Good dog.\n";
	}
	else {
		cout << "That's wasn't a y or n!Apparently you "
			"can't follw\ninstructions,so "
			"I'll trash your disk anyway\a\a\a\n";
	}
	return 0;
}*/

//and
/*const int ArSize = 6;
int main() {
	float naaq[ArSize];
	cout << "Enter the NAAQs(New Age Awareness Quotients) "
		"of\nyour neighbors Program terminates "
		"when you make\n" << ArSize << " enteries "
		"or enter a negative value.\n";
	int i = 0;
	float temp;
	cout << "First value: ";
	cin >> temp;
	while (i < ArSize&&temp >= 0) {
		naaq[i] = temp;
		++i;
		if (i < ArSize) {
			cout << "Next value: ";
			cin >> temp;
		}
	}
	if (i == 0) {
		cout << "No data - -bye\n";
	}
	else {
		cout << "Enter your NAAQ: ";
		float you;
		cin >> you;
		int count = 0;
		for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
			if (naaq[j] > you) {
				++count;
			}
		}
		cout << count << " of your neighbors have greater awareness of\n"
			"the New Age than you do.\n";
	}
1	return 0;
}*/

/*int main() {
	int a, b;
	cout << "Enter 2 integers: ";
	cin >> a>>b;
	cout << "The larger of " << a << " and " << b;
	int c = a > b ? a : b;
	等效
	int c;
	if(a>b){c=a;}
	else{c=b;}
	cout << " is " << c << endl;
	return 0;
}*/

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/Almon/blog/3043187