python 入门第二课列表、元组、字典、集合、字符串对比及汇总-CSDN博客

0、列表list、元组tuple、字典dict、集合set、字符串str
0.1 列表list:list1 = [ 1,'hello' , 999] 增：.append() / .insert()，删：.remove() / pop('指定'), 查：list1[i] ,改：list1[2] = 888
0.2 元组tuple: tuple1 = (1,'hello' , 999)只读列表, 增：-，删：del tuple1, 查：tuple1[i] ,改：-,tuple3 =tuple1+tuple2
0.3 字典dict：dict1 = {'a1':'hello','a2':999} Key-value值和无序，增：dict1['new'] = '66'/.setdefault(key,value)/.update(dict2)，删：.pop('key'), 查：dict['key']/.get('key'),改：dict1['key']= 888
0.4 集合set：set1 = {1,3,8,'hello'} 无序，增：.add() /.update([1,3,99])，删：.remove() / .pop('指定')/.discard(), 查：i in set1 ,改：list1[2] = 888
0.5 字符串str: str1 = 'hello 8' 不可修改，可以切片，str1+str2

1、os与sys的区别：os与sys的区别
2、sys.argv()介绍：sys.argv
3、encode 与 decode:

__author__ = 'baochongmao'
msg = '你好'

print(msg.encode(encoding = 'utf-8'))
print(msg.encode(encoding = 'utf-8').decode(encoding = 'utf-8'))

D:\python3.7\python.exe D:/workspacePyCharm/PyLearning/day2/encode.py
b'\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd'
你好

4、list练习：

names = ['chongmao','alex',5,8,'@wang','zhang',99]
print(names)
print(names[3])
print(names[0],'\n',names[:5],'\n',names[0:5],'\n',names[-1],'\n',names[-3:],'\n') #search or slice
names.append('add_name')
names.append('p_del')   #.append()
print(names)
print(names.index(8))  #.index()
del names[2]           #del
print(names)
names.pop()
print(names)
names2 = [8,'a','c']
names.extend(names2)  #.extend()
print(names,'\n',names2)
names.insert(1,'insert_n')
print(names)
names.pop(-2)  #.pop()
print(names)
names.append('zhang')
print(names.count(8)) #.count()
print(names.count('zhang'))
names.remove('alex')   #.remove
print(names)
#names.sort()
#print(names)
names.reverse() #.reverse()
print(names)
names3 = ['Zhang', 'c', '8B', 'Add_name', '99', '#zhang', '@wang',  'Insert_n', 'chongmao']
names3.sort()  #.sort()
print(names3)

执行结果如下：

5、list练习2

import copy

name1 = ['Zhang', 'c', '8B', 'Add_name',['alex','NEW'] , '99', '#zhang', '@wang',  'Insert_n', 'chongmao']
name2 = name1.copy()          # shallow copy
name3 = copy.copy(name1)      # =  .copy()
name4 = copy.deepcopy(name1)  #copy.deepcopy()

print(name1)
print(name2)
name1[4][0] = 'ALEX'
print(name1)
print(name2)
print(name3)
print(name4)

name5 = name4[::2]
print(name5)
for i in name5 :
    print(i)

结果如下：

6、元组tuple练习：

c1 = (1,3,99)
print(type(c1))

7、字典dict练习：

__author__ = 'Administrator'
info = {
    'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",
    'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",
    'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",
}

print(info)
info['new'] = 'teacher li'
print(info)
print(info['stu1102'])
print(info.get('stu1101'))
info['stu1103'] = 'wang zi'
print(info)
#del info['stu1103']
info.pop('stu1103')

print(info)
for i in info :
    print(i,info[i])
print(info.keys())
print(info.items())

'''
c = {'st':'san','stu1101':'lan wu'}
b = info.update(c)
print(b)
'''
for k,b in info.items() :
    print(k,b)
print(info.setdefault('1107',25),'\n',info)

d = dict.fromkeys([1,2,8],'tested')
print(d)

listd = [d]
print(listd)

8、集合set练习：

__author__ = 'admin'
dict_a = {'a':8,'b':"hello"}
print(dict_a,type(dict_a))

la = [1,3,6,4,8,3,8,9]
la[2] =989
print(la)

a1 = set(la)
print(a1,type(a1))
a2 = set([3,8,44,9,66,31])
print(a1.intersection(a2),        a1 & a2)
print(a1.union(a2),               a1| a2)
print(a1.difference(a2),          a1-a2)
print(a1.symmetric_difference(a2),a1^a2)  #without [3,8,9]
a3 =set([3,8,9])
print(a1.issubset(a2))
print(a3.issubset(a1),a1.issuperset(a3))
a3.add(888)
a3.update(['hello',999])
print(a3)
a4 = set([3,8,44,9,66,31,89])
print(a4)
#a4.pop()
#print(a4)
a4.remove(31)
print(a4)
a4.discard(999)
print(a4,a4.discard(999))
print(a1.isdisjoint(a2))  #不相交

9、字符串str练习：

__author__ = 'Administrator'
name = 'chongmao'
print(name.capitalize())
print(name.center(20,'+'))
print('efw f @ F'.casefold())
print('Efw f @ F'.lower())

print('efw f @ F'.count('F'))
print('efw f @ F'.endswith('F'))
print('efw f @ F'.startswith('E'))
print('efw \tf @ F'.expandtabs(10))
print('efw f @ F'.encode('utf-8'))
print('efw f @ F'.find('f'))
print('efw f @ F'.rfind('f'))

print('efw f{0} @ F'.format(999))
print('efw f @ F'.index('f'))
print('efw f @ F'.rindex('f'))
print('777'.isalnum())
print('g'.isalpha())
print('efw f @ F'.isascii())
print('8A'.isdecimal())
print('chongmao'.islower())
print('chongmao'.istitle())
print('89'.isnumeric())

print('ch'.join(['1','2','3']))
p = str.maketrans('abcdefg','1234567')
print('chongmao'.translate(p))

print('chongmao'.ljust(10,'$'))
print('chongmao'.rjust(10,'$'))

print('\nchongmao\n'.lstrip())
print('---')
print('\nchongmao\n'.strip())
print('---')
print('\nchongmao\n'.rstrip())
print('---')
print('chongmao jac'.replace('a','A'))
print('chongmao jac'.rsplit('a'))
print('chongmao jac'.split('a'))
print('chongmao jac'.strip())
print('chongmao jac'.strip('c'))
print('cHOngmao jac'.swapcase())
print('chongmao jac'.title())
print('chongmao jac'.upper())
print('chongmao jac'.zfill(20))

10 购物车列表练习:

__author__ = 'Administrator'
salary = input('Please input your salary:')

goods_l = [('book',80),('iphone',6500),('mac',9999),('bike',699),('bread',30)]
shopping_l = []

def print_shopping():
    print('----shopping list----')
    for i in shopping_l :
        print(i)
    print('Your current balance is :',salary)
    exit()

for i in goods_l :
    print(goods_l.index(i),i)
#for index, item in enumerate(goods_l):
#    print(index,item)
if salary.isdigit() :
    salary = int(salary)

    while True :
        choice = input('Please input the goods number (%s-%s):'%(0,len(goods_l)))
        if choice.isdigit() :
            choice = int(choice)
            if choice < len(goods_l) and choice >= -1 :
                p_item = goods_l[choice]
                if p_item[1] <= salary :
                    shopping_l.append(p_item[0])
                    salary -= p_item[1]
                    print('Add %s into your shopping cart,your current balance is:\033[31;1m %s\033[0m '%(p_item[0],salary))
                else :
                    print('You have no enough money.')
                    print_shopping()

            else :
                print('Invalid number,please input again.')

        elif choice == 'q'or choice == 'Q' :
            print_shopping()

#            print('----shopping list----')
#            for i in shopping_l :
#                print(i)
#            print('Your current balance is :',salary)
#            exit()


        else:
            print('Invalid input,please input a number.')

else:
    print('Invalid input')

结果示例：