实验目的：启动一个新实例，创建一个参数文件，设置警告日志
1.在参数文件目录$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs下创建一个新参数文件命名orcl
$ vi initorcl.ora

2.最小设置，在initorcl.ora只需设置名字
db_name='orcl'

3.测试启动实例orcl，所有参数均为默认
$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
$ sqlplus /'as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Feb 4 14:46:53 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
SQL> show parameter cache

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_16k_cache_size                    big integer 0
db_2k_cache_size                     big integer 0
db_32k_cache_size                    big integer 0
db_4k_cache_size                     big integer 0
db_8k_cache_size                     big integer 0
db_cache_advice                      string      ON
db_cache_size                        big integer 48M
db_keep_cache_size                   big integer 0
db_recycle_cache_size                big integer 0
object_cache_max_size_percent        integer     10
object_cache_optimal_size            integer     102400


4.查找警告日志
SQL> show parameter dump;    ---可以看到警告日志在/oracle/app/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/log

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
background_core_dump                 string      partial
background_dump_dest                 string      /oracle/app/product/10.2.0/db_
                                                 1/rdbms/log
core_dump_dest                       string      /oracle/app/product/10.2.0/db_
                                                 1/dbs
max_dump_file_size                   string      UNLIMITED
shadow_core_dump                     string      partial
user_dump_dest                       string      /oracle/app/product/10.2.0/db_
                                                 1/rdbms/log

5.将警告日志切回本目录，在警告日志目录下创建4个目录
$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin
[oracle@testsvr admin]$ mkdir -p orcl/bdump     --bdump目录放警告日志和后台跟踪文件
[oracle@testsvr admin]$ mkdir -p orcl/udump     --udump目录放USER的跟踪文件
[oracle@testsvr admin]$ mkdir -p orcl/adump     --adump目录放审计日志
[oracle@testsvr admin]$ mkdir -p orcl/cdump    


6.重启后转回新建默认路径
SQL> show parameter dump;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
background_core_dump                 string      partial
background_dump_dest                 string      /oracle/app/admin/orcl/bdump
core_dump_dest                       string      /oracle/app/admin/orcl/cdump
max_dump_file_size                   string      UNLIMITED
shadow_core_dump                     string      partial
user_dump_dest                       string      /oracle/app/admin/orcl/udump

实验结果：新建实例只需建ORACLE_SID,但警告日志路径改变