杭电1198--Farm Irrigation（****Bfs +并查集****）

题目描述：　　

Farm Irrigation
Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 7577    Accepted Submission(s): 3252


Problem Description
Benny has a spacious farm land to irrigate. The farm land is a rectangle, and is divided into a lot of samll squares. Water pipes are placed in these squares. Different square has a different type of pipe. There are 11 types of pipes, which is marked from A to K, as Figure 1 shows.





Figure 1


Benny has a map of his farm, which is an array of marks denoting the distribution of water pipes over the whole farm. For example, if he has a map 

ADC
FJK
IHE

then the water pipes are distributed like 





Figure 2


Several wellsprings are found in the center of some squares, so water can flow along the pipes from one square to another. If water flow crosses one square, the whole farm land in this square is irrigated and will have a good harvest in autumn. 

Now Benny wants to know at least how many wellsprings should be found to have the whole farm land irrigated. Can you help him? 

Note: In the above example, at least 3 wellsprings are needed, as those red points in Figure 2 show.

 

Input
There are several test cases! In each test case, the first line contains 2 integers M and N, then M lines follow. In each of these lines, there are N characters, in the range of 'A' to 'K', denoting the type of water pipe over the corresponding square. A negative M or N denotes the end of input, else you can assume 1 <= M, N <= 50.

 

Output
For each test case, output in one line the least number of wellsprings needed.

 

Sample Input
2 2
DK
HF

3 3
ADC
FJK
IHE

-1 -1
 

Sample Output
2
3
 

Author
ZHENG, Lu
 

Source
Zhejiang University Local Contest 2005 
 

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View Code

数组Dir[][]记录一下图中方向是否可连；

ac[4][2]注意一下。

 第一眼看这个题， 确实是有点懵， 但是看懂后你就会发现就是个并查集。 

　　<1> 先确定每个小格四个方向是否有管道接口。 

　　<2>确定搜索方向， 注意要旋转一下原来坐标系。

　　<3>看着看着就发现其实向上的接口只能和向下的连接（接口只能和其对立面相连接）。

这个题思路也就是先跑一遍Bfs 把可以连接区域连接起来， 再利用并查集判断集合个数。

 

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#define N 51
using namespace std;
char map[N][N]; int father[N*N];
int Dir[11][4] = {
    1, 0, 1, 0,
    1, 0, 0, 1, 
    0, 1, 1, 0,
    0, 1, 0, 1,
    1, 1, 0, 0,
    0, 0, 1, 1,
    1, 0, 1, 1,
    1, 1, 1, 0,
    0, 1, 1, 1,
    1, 1, 0, 1,
    1, 1, 1, 1,
};
int ac[4][2] = {-1, 0, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1}; //比较疑惑坐标系建立方向。  应该就是 把确定小格方向的坐标系旋转一下。挺有意思 。  
void Init(int n)
{
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        father[i] = i;
}
int Find(int a)
{
    if(a == father[a])
        return a;
    else
        return father[a] = Find(father[a]);
}
void Mercy(int a, int b)
{
    int Q = Find(a);
    int P = Find(b);
    if(Q != P)
        father[Q] = P; 
}
int main()
{
    int n, m;
    while(~scanf("%d%d", &n, &m))
    {
        if(n==-1 && m==-1)
            break;
        Init(n*m);
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for(int j = 0; j < m; j++)
                cin >> map[i][j];
        for(int x = 0; x < n; x++)
            for(int y = 0; y < m; y++)
            {
                int dIr = x*m+y;
                for(int k = 0; k < 4; k++)
                {
                    int nx = x + ac[k][0];
                    int ny = y + ac[k][1];
                    int ndIr = nx*m+ny;
                    int nk = (k%2==0? k+1:k-1);
                    if(nx >= 0 &&  nx < n && ny >= 0 && ny < m && Dir[map[x][y]-'A'][k] && Dir[map[nx][ny]-'A'][nk])
                        Mercy(dIr, ndIr);
                }
            }
        int TotAl = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < n*m; i++)
            if(father[i] == i)
                TotAl++;
        printf("%d\n", TotAl); 
    }
    return 0;
}

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/soTired/p/4862091.html