简介
Subversion(SVN) 是一个开源的版本控制系統, 也就是说 Subversion 管理着随时间改变的数据。这些数据放置在一个中央资料档案库(repository) 中。这个档案库很像一个普通的文件服务器, 不过它会记住每一次文件的变动。这样你就可以把档案恢复到旧的版本, 或是浏览文件的变动历史。
SVN 的一些概念
repository（源代码库）:源代码统一存放的地方
Checkout（提取）:当你手上没有源代码的时候，你需要从repository checkout一份
Commit（提交）:当你已经修改了代码，你就需要Commit到repository
Update (更新):当你已经Checkout了一份源代码，Update一下你就可以和Repository 上的源代码同步，你手上的代码就会有最新的变更
日常开发过程其实就是这样的（假设你已经Checkout并且已经工作了几天）：Update(获得最新的代码) —>作出自己的修改并调试成功 —> Commit(大家就可以看到你的修改了) 。
如果两个程序员同时修改了同一个文件呢, SVN可以合并这两个程序员的改动，实际上SVN管理源代码是以行为单位的，就是说两个程序员只要不是修改了同一行程序，SVN都会自动合并两种修改。
如果是同一行，SVN会提示文件Confict, 冲突，需要手动确认。
subversion目录说明：
db目录：就是所有版本控制的数据存放文件。
hooks目录：放置hook脚本文件的目录。
locks目录：用来放置subversion见艰苦锁定数据的目录，用来追踪存取文件库的客户端。
format文件：是一个文本文件，里面只放了一个整数，表示当前文件库配置的版本号。
conf目录：是这个仓库的配置文件（仓库的用户访问账号、权限等）。
进入conf目录（该svn版本库配置文件）cd conf/
authz 文件是权限控制文件
passwd 是帐号密码文件
svnserve.conf SVN服务配置文件
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#添加svn账号，并且禁止登陆
useradd
-M -s
/sbin/nologin
svn
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[root@localhost ~]# yum install subversion -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package subversion.x86_64 0:1.7.14-10.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: subversion-libs(x86-64) = 1.7.14-10.el7 for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_wc-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_subr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_repos-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_ra_svn-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_ra_neon-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_ra_local-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_ra-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_fs_util-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_fs_fs-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_fs_base-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_fs-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_diff-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_delta-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsvn_client-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libneon.so.27()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package neon.x86_64 0:0.30.0-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libpakchois.so.0()(64bit) for package: neon-0.30.0-3.el7.x86_64
---> Package subversion-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.14-10.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pakchois.x86_64 0:0.4-10.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
subversion x86_64 1.7.14-10.el7 base 1.0 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
neon x86_64 0.30.0-3.el7 base 165 k
pakchois x86_64 0.4-10.el7 base 14 k
subversion-libs x86_64 1.7.14-10.el7 base 921 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+5 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 2.3 M
Installed size: 8.1 M
Downloading packages:
(1/6): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00
(2/6): neon-0.30.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 165 kB 00:00
(3/6): pakchois-0.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 14 kB 00:00
(4/6): subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00
(5/6): subversion-libs-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 921 kB 00:00
(6/6): apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.8 MB/s | 2.3 MB 00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/6
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/6
Installing : pakchois-0.4-10.el7.x86_64 3/6
Installing : neon-0.30.0-3.el7.x86_64 4/6
Installing : subversion-libs-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 5/6
Installing : subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : neon-0.30.0-3.el7.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : pakchois-0.4-10.el7.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : subversion-libs-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
subversion.x86_64 0:1.7.14-10.el7
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
neon.x86_64 0:0.30.0-3.el7 pakchois.x86_64 0:0.4-10.el7
subversion-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.14-10.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# svnserve -h
usage: svnserve [-d | -i | -t | -X] [options]
Valid options:
-d [--daemon] : daemon mode
-i [--inetd] : inetd mode
-t [--tunnel] : tunnel mode
-X [--listen-once] : listen-once mode (useful for debugging)
-r [--root] ARG : root of directory to serve
-R [--read-only] : force read only, overriding repository config file
--config-file ARG : read configuration from file ARG
--listen-port ARG : listen port
[mode: daemon, listen-once]
--listen-host ARG : listen hostname or IP address
[mode: daemon, listen-once]
-6 [--prefer-ipv6] : prefer IPv6 when resolving the listen hostname
[IPv4 is preferred by default. Using IPv4 and IPv6
at the same time is not supported in daemon mode.
Use inetd mode or tunnel mode if you need this.]
-c [--compression] ARG : compression level to use for network transmissions
[0 .. no compression, 5 .. default,
9 .. maximum compression]
-M [--memory-cache-size] ARG : size of the extra in-memory cache in MB used to
minimize redundant operations.
Default is 128 for threaded and 16 for non-
threaded mode.
[used for FSFS repositories only]
--cache-txdeltas ARG : enable or disable caching of deltas between older
revisions.
Default is no.
[used for FSFS repositories only]
--cache-fulltexts ARG : enable or disable caching of file contents
Default is yes.
[used for FSFS repositories only]
-T [--threads] : use threads instead of fork [mode: daemon]
--foreground : run in foreground (useful for debugging)
[mode: daemon]
--log-file ARG : svnserve log file
--pid-file ARG : write server process ID to file ARG
[mode: daemon, listen-once]
--tunnel-user ARG : tunnel username (default is current uid's name)
[mode: tunnel]
-h [--help] : display this help
--version : show program version information
-q [--quiet] : no progress (only errors) to stderr
[root@localhost ~]# svnserve --version
svnserve, version 1.7.14 (r1542130)
compiled Nov 20 2015, 19:25:09
Copyright (C) 2013 The Apache Software Foundation.
This software consists of contributions made by many people; see the NOTICE
file for more information.
Subversion is open source software, see http://subversion.apache.org/
The following repository back-end (FS) modules are available:
* fs_base : Module for working with a Berkeley DB repository.
* fs_fs : Module for working with a plain file (FSFS) repository.
Cyrus SASL authentication is available.
[root@localhost ~]# which svn
/usr/bin/svn
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/svn
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/svn/
#创建版本库
[root@localhost svn]# svnadmin create /var/svn/svnrepos
[root@localhost svn]#
[root@localhost svn]# ls
svnrepos
[root@localhost svn]# cd svnrepos/
[root@localhost svnrepos]# ls
conf db format hooks locks README.txt
[root@localhost svnrepos]# cat README.txt
This is a Subversion repository; use the 'svnadmin' tool to examine
it. Do not add, delete, or modify files here unless you know how
to avoid corrupting the repository.
Visit http://subversion.apache.org/ for more information.
[root@localhost svnrepos]# cd conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ls
authz passwd svnserve.conf
[root@localhost conf]# vim passwd
### This file is an example password file for svnserve.
### Its format is similar to that of svnserve.conf. As shown in the
### example below it contains one section labelled [users].
### The name and password for each user follow, one account per line.
[users]
# harry = harryssecret
# sally = sallyssecret
#添加admin用户
admin = 123456
[root@localhost conf]# vim authz
### This file is an example authorization file for svnserve.
### Its format is identical to that of mod_authz_svn authorization
### files.
### As shown below each section defines authorizations for the path and
### (optional) repository specified by the section name.
### The authorizations follow. An authorization line can refer to:
### - a single user,
### - a group of users defined in a special [groups] section,
### - an alias defined in a special [aliases] section,
### - all authenticated users, using the '$authenticated' token,
### - only anonymous users, using the '$anonymous' token,
### - anyone, using the '*' wildcard.
###
### A match can be inverted by prefixing the rule with '~'. Rules can
### grant read ('r') access, read-write ('rw') access, or no access
### ('').
[aliases]
# joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average
[groups]
# harry_and_sally = harry,sally
# harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe
# [/foo/bar]
# harry = rw
# &joe = r
# * =
# [repository:/baz/fuz]
# @harry_and_sally = rw
# * = r
#
#添加新建的用户admin，并授予rw权限
[/]
admin = rw
[root@localhost conf]# cat svnserve.conf
### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
### use it to allow access to this repository. (If you only allow
### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
### irrelevant.)
### Visit http://subversion.apache.org/ for more information.
[general]
### The anon-access and auth-access options control access to the
### repository for unauthenticated (a.k.a. anonymous) users and
### authenticated users, respectively.
### Valid values are "write", "read", and "none".
### Setting the value to "none" prohibits both reading and writing;
### "read" allows read-only access, and "write" allows complete
### read/write access to the repository.
### The sample settings below are the defaults and specify that anonymous
### users have read-only access to the repository, while authenticated
### users have read and write access to the repository.
#匿名用户可读
# anon-access = read
anon-access = none
# auth-access = write
### The password-db option controls the location of the password
### database file. Unless you specify a path starting with a /,
### the file's location is relative to the directory containing
### this configuration file.
### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file.
#使用哪个文件作为账号文件
password-db = passwd
### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization
### rules for path-based access control. Unless you specify a path
### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the the
### directory containing this file. If you don't specify an
### authz-db, no path-based access control is done.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file.
#使用哪个文件作为权限文件
authz-db = authz
### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository.
### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should
### have the same password database, and vice versa. The default realm
### is repository's uuid.
#认证空间名，版本库所在目录
realm = /var/svn/svnrepos
### The force-username-case option causes svnserve to case-normalize
### usernames before comparing them against the authorization rules in the
### authz-db file configured above. Valid values are "upper" (to upper-
### case the usernames), "lower" (to lowercase the usernames), and
### "none" (to compare usernames as-is without case conversion, which
### is the default behavior).
# force-username-case = none
[sasl]
### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL
### library for authentication. Default is false.
### This section will be ignored if svnserve is not built with Cyrus
### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line
### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.'
# use-sasl = true
### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer
### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means
### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated
### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit
### encryption). The values below are the defaults.
# min-encryption = 0
# max-encryption = 256
#启动svn
[root@localhost conf]# svnserve -d -r /var/svn/svnrepos/
[root@localhost conf]# ps -ef|grep svn
root 9114 1 0 16:06 ? 00:00:00 svnserve -d -r /var/svn/svnrepos/
root 9116 8214 0 16:06 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto svn
[root@localhost conf]# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3690 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9114/svnserve
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1049/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1282/master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 26795/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 4538/java
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1049/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1282/master
[root@localhost conf]# cd ..
[root@localhost svnrepos]# ls
conf db format hooks locks README.txt
[root@localhost svnrepos]# tree
.
├── conf
│ ├── authz
│ ├── passwd
│ └── svnserve.conf
├── db
│ ├── current
│ ├── format
│ ├── fsfs.conf
│ ├── fs-type
│ ├── min-unpacked-rev
│ ├── revprops
│ │ └── 0
│ │ └── 0
│ ├── revs
│ │ └── 0
│ │ └── 0
│ ├── transactions
│ ├── txn-current
│ ├── txn-current-lock
│ ├── txn-protorevs
│ ├── uuid
│ └── write-lock
├── format
├── hooks
│ ├── post-commit.tmpl
│ ├── post-lock.tmpl
│ ├── post-revprop-change.tmpl
│ ├── post-unlock.tmpl
│ ├── pre-commit.tmpl
│ ├── pre-lock.tmpl
│ ├── pre-revprop-change.tmpl
│ ├── pre-unlock.tmpl
│ └── start-commit.tmpl
├── locks
│ ├── db.lock
│ └── db-logs.lock
└── README.txt
10 directories, 27 files
#停止SVN命令
killall svnserve
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#svn开机启动
cat
/lib/systemd/system/svnserve
.service
[Unit]
Description=Subversion protocol daemon
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=
/etc/sysconfig/svnserve
ExecStart=
/usr/bin/svnserve
--daemon --pid-
file
=
/run/svnserve/svnserve
.pid $OPTIONS
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
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#找到 svn 的 service 环境配置文件 /etc/sysconfig/svnserve 编辑配置文件
#将 OPTIONS="-r /var/svn" 改为 svn 版本库存放的目录
cat
/etc/sysconfig/svnserve
# OPTIONS is used to pass command-line arguments to svnserve.
#
# Specify the repository location in -r parameter:
OPTIONS=
"-r /var/svn/svnrepos"
#设置开机启动
systemctl
enable
svnserve.service
systemctl start svnserve.service
systemctl restart svnserve.service
#ps -aux | grep 'svn'
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--------------------------------------------------------
客户端连接
windows tortoisesvn 下载
https://tortoisesvn.net/downloads.html
参考：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/83737
]
本文转自 yanconggod 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/yanconggod/1927768
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