前面有关自定义View中进行了绘图,但View的绘图机制存在如下缺陷:
1、View缺乏双缓冲机制。
2、当程序需要更新View上的图像时,程序必须重绘View上显示的整张图片。
3、新线程无法直接更新View组件。
由于View存在上面缺陷,所以在游戏开发中一般使用SurfaceView来进行绘制,SurfaceView一般会与SurfaceHolder结合使用,SurfaceHolder用于向与之关联的SurfaceView上绘图,调用SurfaceView的getHolder()方法即可获取SurfaceView关联的SurfaceHolder.
SurfaceHolder提供了如下方法来获取Canvas对象:
1、Canvas lockCanvas():锁定整个SurfaceView对象,获取该Surface上的Canvas.
2、Canvas lockCanvas(Rect dirty):锁定SurfaceView上Rect划分的区域,获取该Surface上的Canvas.
两个方法返回的是同一个Canvas,但是第二个方法只对圈出来的区域进行刷新,Canvas绘图完成后通过unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas)方法来释放画布,提交修改。当调用SurfaceHolder的unlockCanvasAndPost方法之后,该方法之前所绘制的图形还处于缓冲之下,下一次lockCanvas()方法锁定的区域可能会“遮挡”它。
package com.example.erweimatest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder.Callback;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnTouchListener;
public class SurfaceViewTest extends Activity {
private SurfaceHolder holder;
private Paint paint;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
paint = new Paint();
SurfaceView surface = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.show);
//初始化SurfaceHolder对象
holder = surface.getHolder();
holder.addCallback(new Callback() {
@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
}
@Override
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
//锁定整个SurfaceView
Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas();
//绘制背景
Bitmap back = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(SurfaceViewTest.this.getResources(), R.drawable.bg);
//绘制背景
canvas.drawBitmap(back, 0, 0, null);
//绘制完成,释放画布,提交修改
holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
//重新锁一次,“持久化”上次所绘制内容
//本次lockCanvas会遮挡上次lockCanvas
holder.lockCanvas(new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0));
holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
}
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
int height) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
});
surface.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() {
@Override
public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){
int cx = (int) event.getX();
int cy = (int) event.getY();
//锁定SurfaceView的布局区域,只更新局部内容
Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas(new Rect(cx - 50, cy - 50, cx + 50, cy + 50));
//保存canvas当前状态
canvas.save();
//旋转画布
canvas.rotate(30, cx, cy);
paint.setColor(Color.RED);
//绘制红色方块
canvas.drawRect(cx - 40, cy - 40, cx, cy, paint);
//恢复canvas之前的保存状态
canvas.restore();
paint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
//绘制绿色方块
canvas.drawRect(cx, cy, cx + 40, cy + 40, paint);
//绘制完成,释放画布,提交修改
holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
}
return false;
}
});
}
}
main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<SurfaceView
android:id="@+id/show"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
/>
</LinearLayout>
运行效果:
可以看出来,第一次绘制的图形会被第二次的区域遮挡,第三次绘制的图形可能遮挡第二次绘制的区域,但不会遮挡第一次的区域。如果第二次绘制的区域被第三次的区域所遮挡,第一次所绘制的图形可能显露出来。
基于SurfaceView开发的示波器:
package com.example.erweimatest;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder.Callback;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class ShowVawe extends Activity{
private SurfaceHolder holder;
private Paint paint;
final int HEIGHT = 320;
final int WIDTH = 320;
final int X_OFFSET = 5;
private int cx = X_OFFSET;
//实际的Y轴的位置
int centerY = HEIGHT / 2;
Timer timer = new Timer();
TimerTask task = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
final SurfaceView surface = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.show);
//初始化SurfaceHolder对象
holder = surface.getHolder();
paint = new Paint();
paint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
paint.setStrokeWidth(3);
Button sin = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sin);
Button cos = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cos);
OnClickListener listener = (new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(final View source) {
drawBack(holder);
cx = X_OFFSET;
if(task != null){
task.cancel();
}
task = new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
int cy = source.getId() == R.id.sin ? centerY - (int)(100 * Math.sin((cx - 5) * 2 * Math.PI / 150))
: centerY - (int)(100 * Math.cos((cx - 5) * 2 * Math.PI / 150));
Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas(new Rect(cx, cy - 2, cx+2, cy + 2));
canvas.drawPoint(cx, cy, paint);
cx ++;
if(cx > WIDTH){
task.cancel();
task = null;
}
holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
}
};
timer.schedule(task, 0, 30);
}
});
sin.setOnClickListener(listener);
cos.setOnClickListener(listener);
holder.addCallback(new Callback() {
@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
int height) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
});
}
private void drawBack(SurfaceHolder holder){
Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas();
//绘制白色背景
canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
Paint p = new Paint();
p.setColor(Color.BLACK);
p.setStrokeWidth(2);
//绘制坐标轴
canvas.drawLine(X_OFFSET, centerY, WIDTH, centerY, p);
canvas.drawLine(X_OFFSET, 40, X_OFFSET, HEIGHT, p);
holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
holder.lockCanvas(new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0));
holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
}
}
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<LinearLayout android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
>
<Button android:id="@+id/sin"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="正旋曲线"
/>
<Button android:id="@+id/cos"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="余旋曲线"
/>
</LinearLayout>
<SurfaceView android:id="@+id/show"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:gravity="center"
/>
</LinearLayout>
运行结果:
当程序每次绘制正旋波、余旋波上的当前点时,程序无须重绘整个画面,SurfaceHolder只要锁定当前绘制点的小范围即可,系统更新画面时也只要更新这个范围即可。