《深入分析GCC 》——2.3 GNU binutils工具

本节书摘来自华章出版社《深入分析GCC 》一书中的第2章，第2.3节，作者 王亚刚　，更多章节内容可以访问云栖社区“华章计算机”公众号查看。

2.3　GNU binutils工具

在分析GCC代码时，尤其是后端代码生成的过程中，经常需要对编译生成的目标文件进行分析，包括编译生成的汇编代码、目标文件等，此时，如果能够熟练使用GNU binutils工具链中的工具，无疑将对分析非常有用。GNU binutils工具的源代码及介绍参见GNU的官网：http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/，其中主要工具如表2-1所示。

例如，对于如下的源代码：

[GCC@localhost test]$ cat test.c
int main(){
  int i=0, sum=0;
  sum = sum + i;
  return sum;
}

可以使用objdump进行目标代码的反汇编：

[GCC@localhost test]$ gcc -c -o test.o  test.c
[GCC@localhost test]$ objdump -d test.o
test.o:     file format elf32-i386

Disassembly of section .text:

00000000 <main>:
   0:    55                       push   %ebp
   1:    89 e5                    mov    %esp,%ebp
   3:    83 ec 10                 sub    $0x10,%esp
   6:    c7 45 f8 00 00 00 00     movl   $0x0,-0x8(%ebp)
   d:    c7 45 fc 00 00 00 00     movl   $0x0,-0x4(%ebp)
  14:    8b 45 f8                 mov    -0x8(%ebp),%eax
  17:    01 45 fc                 add    %eax,-0x4(%ebp)
  1a:    8b 45 fc                 mov    -0x4(%ebp),%eax
  1d:    c9                       leave  
  1e:    c3                       ret    

可以使用nm查看目标文件中的符号信息：

[GCC@localhost test]$ nm test.o
00000000 T main

也可以使用readelf工具查看目标文件的ELF信息。

[GCC@localhost test]$ readelf -a test.o
ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)
  Machine:                           Intel 80386
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x0
  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          200 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x0
  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         0
  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         9
  Section header string table index: 6

Section Headers:
  [Nr] Name              Type          Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
  [ 0]                   NULL          00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
  [ 1] .text             PROGBITS      00000000 000034 00001f 00  AX  0   0  4
  [ 2] .data             PROGBITS      00000000 000054 000000 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 3] .bss              NOBITS        00000000 000054 000000 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 4] .comment          PROGBITS      00000000 000054 00002e 01  MS  0   0  1
  [ 5] .note.GNU-stack   PROGBITS      00000000 000082 000000 00      0   0  1
  [ 6] .shstrtab         STRTAB        00000000 000082 000045 00      0   0  1
  [ 7] .symtab           SYMTAB        00000000 000230 000080 10      8   7  4
  [ 8] .strtab           STRTAB        00000000 0002b0 00000d 00      0   0  1
Key to Flags:
  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
  I (info), L (link order), G (group), x (unknown)
  O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)

There are no section groups in this file.

There are no program headers in this file.

There are no relocations in this file.

There are no unwind sections in this file.

Symbol table '.symtab' contains 8 entries:
   Num:    Value  Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
     0: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND 
     1: 00000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS test.c
     2: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 
     3: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 
     4: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 
     5: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    5 
     6: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    4 
     7: 00000000    31 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT    1 main

No version information found in this file.