python 模块搜索路径

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

6.1.1 模块搜索路径 The Module Search Path 
When a module named spam is imported, the interpreter searches for a file named spam.py in the current directory, and then in the list of directories specified by the environment variable PYTHONPATH. This has the same syntax as the shell variable PATH, that is, a list of directory names. When PYTHONPATH is not set, or when the file is not found there, the search continues in an installation-dependent default path; on Unix, this is usually .:/usr/local/lib/python. 

导入一个叫 spam 的模块时，解释器先在当前目录中搜索名为 spam.py 的文件，然后在环境变量 PYTHONPATH 表示的目录列表中搜索，然后是环境变量 PATH 中的路径列表。如果 PYTHONPATH 没有设置，或者文件没有找到，接下来搜索安装目录，在 Unix中，通常是 .:/usr/local/lib/python。 

Actually, modules are searched in the list of directories given by the variable sys.path which is initialized from the directory containing the input script (or the current directory), PYTHONPATH and the installation-dependent default. This allows Python programs that know what they're doing to modify or replace the module search path. Note that because the directory containing the script being run is on the search path, it is important that the script not have the same name as a standard module, or Python will attempt to load the script as a module when that module is imported. This will generally be an error. See section , ``Standard Modules,'' for more information. 

实际上，解释器由 sys.path 变量指定的路径目录搜索模块，该变量初始化时默认包含了输入脚本（或者当前目录），PYTHONPATH 和安装目录。这样就允许Python程序（原文如此，programs；我猜想应该是“programer”，程序员－－译者）了解如何修改或替换模块搜索目录。需要注意的是由于这些目录中包含有搜索路径中运行的脚本，所以这些脚本不应该和标准模块重名，否则在导入模块时Python会尝试把这些脚本当作模块来加载。这通常会引发一个错误。请参见6.2节“标准模块（ ）”以了解更多的信息。

Python 2.4.2 (#1, Apr 13 2007, 15:38:32) 
[GCC 4.1.0 (SUSE Linux)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/lib/python24.zip', '/usr/lib64/python2.4', '/usr/lib64/python2.4/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib64/python2.4/lib-tk', '/usr/lib64/python2.4/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages', '/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/dbus']
>>> sys.exit()

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/tsh/blog/983645