Magento后台模块示例(1)

Magento的后台的模块开发相对于Magento的前台模块开发而言，要复杂一些，这里，说下这次示例的Magento后台模块要实现的功能，其实很简单，就是前台有个表单提交数据，然后在后台展示提交的数据，实现前后台的一个交互。
首先来做一些准备工作：
1.安装好Magento
2.使用mysql工具
3.打开Symlinks：

System > Configuration > Developer > Template Settings，设置为Yes.

4.关掉缓存：

System > Cache Management > Select All > Disable > Submit，点击Flush Magento Cache.

5.打开错误报告：
找到 index.php 取消下面这行的注释:

ini_set('display_errors', 1);

然后将下面代码:

if (isset($_SERVER['MAGE_IS_DEVELOPER_MODE'])) {
Mage::setIsDeveloperMode(true);
}

修改为：

//if (isset($_SERVER['MAGE_IS_DEVELOPER_MODE'])) {
Mage::setIsDeveloperMode(true);
//}

6.打开错误日志：

System > Configuration > Developer，选择 Log Settings，设置为Enabled.

7.修改seesion过期时间，
对于开发人员来说，免于不停的登录麻烦：(magento默认是15分钟)

System > Configuration->System > Advanced > Admin，选择Security，默认是900seconds，

开发过程中，设置为86400seconds(24小时)。
此外，你还需要设置php.ini的maxlifetime session expiration time，修改如下：

session.gc_maxlifetime 86400

8.可以为magento在虚拟机创建一个快照，利于备份和还原
9.先创建一个前台模块
对于前台模块如何创建，Magento的执行流程是怎样的，这里就不再累述，直接贴代码：
创建目录结构

app
 |-code
 |-----local
 |----------Message
 |--------------Count
 |------------------Block
                     |---Adminhtml
 |------------------controllers
                     |---Adminhtml
 |------------------etc
                     |----config.xml
 |------------------Helper
 |------------------Model

跟前台模块不同的是，在Block和controllers下分别多了Adminhtml文件夹。
首先还是，需要magento加载模块，Message_Count.xml
etc/modules/Message_Count.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
    <modules>
        <Message_Count>
            <version>0.1.0</version>
        </Message_Count>
    </modules>
    <frontend><!--这里是前台部分-->
        <routers>
            <count>
                <use>standard</use>
                <args>
                    <module>Message_Count</module>
                    <frontName>count</frontName>
                </args>
            </count>
        </routers>
        <layout>
            <updates>
                <count>
                    <file>count.xml</file>
                </count>
            </updates>
        </layout>
    </frontend>
<!--这里是后台部分-->
    <admin>
        <routers>
            <count>
                <use>admin</use>
                <args>
                    <module>Message_Count</module>
                    <frontName>count</frontName>
                </args>
            </count>
        </routers>
    </admin>
    <adminhtml>
        <menu>
            <catalog>
                <children>
                    <Count translate="title" module="count">
                        <title>Count</title>
                        <sort_order>180</sort_order>
                        <action>count/adminhtml_count</action>
                    </Count>
                </children>
            </catalog>
        </menu>
        <acl><!--这里是权限-->
            <resources>
                <all>
                    <title>Allow Everything</title>
                </all>
                <admin>
                    <children>
                        <Message_Count>
                            <title>count Module</title>
                            <sort_order>10</sort_order>
                        </Message_Count>
                    </children>
                </admin>
            </resources>
        </acl>
        <layout>
            <updates>
                <count>
                    <file>count.xml</file>
                </count>
            </updates>
        </layout>
    </adminhtml>   
    <global>
        <models><!--创建Model-->
            <count>
                <class>Message_Count_Model</class>
                <resourceModel>count_mysql4</resourceModel>
            </count>
            <count_mysql4>
                <class>Message_Count_Model_Mysql4</class>
                <entities>
                    <count>
                        <table>count</table>
                    </count>
                </entities>
            </count_mysql4>
        </models>
        <resources>
            <count_setup>
                <setup>
                    <module>Message_Count</module>
                </setup>
                <connection>
                    <use>core_setup</use>
                </connection>
            </count_setup>
            <count_write>
                <connection>
                    <use>core_write</use>
                </connection>
            </count_write>
            <count_read>
                <connection>
                    <use>core_read</use>
                </connection>
            </count_read>
        </resources>
        <blocks><!--创建Block-->
            <count>
                <class>Message_Count_Block</class>
            </count>
        </blocks>
        <helpers><!--创建helper-->
            <count>
                <class>Message_Count_Helper</class>
            </count>
        </helpers>
    </global>
</config>

现在来写控制器IndexController.php

<?php
class Message_Count_IndexController extends Mage_Core_Controller_Front_Action
{
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $this->loadLayout();
        $this->_initLayoutMessages('core/session');
        $this->renderLayout();
    }
}

在控制器IndexController.php中，有$this->loadLayout();$this->renderLayout();即需要加载模板文件template下的phtml文件。这里我们先来给数据库添加一张表，这里使用sql文件件：

sql
 |----count_setup
          |-------mysql4-install-0.1.0.php

mysql4-install-0.1.0.php代码如下：

<?php
$installer = $this;
$installer->startSetup();
$installer->run("
-- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS {$this->getTable('count')};
CREATE TABLE {$this->getTable('count')} (
`count_id` int(11) unsigned primary key auto_increment not null,
`Model_Name` varchar(200) not null,
`Name` varchar(250) not null,
`Serial_Number` varchar(100) not null,
`Email` varchar(50) not null,
`Date_Purchased` date,
`Messages_Source`  varchar(30),
`Content` varchar(300) not null
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
");
$installer->endSetup();  

创建了数据表，Magento需要与数据库有CURD操作，就必须会涉及到资源模型，所有，接下来，继续来Model文件夹下来内容：

Model
 |----Count.php
 |----Mysql4
        |---Count.php
        |----Count
               |----Collection.php
        

Model/Count.php

<?php

class Message_Count_Model_Count extends Mage_Core_Model_Abstract
{
    public function _construct()
    {
        parent::_construct();
        $this->_init('count/count');
    }
}

Model/Mysql4/Count.php

<?php

class Message_Count_Model_Mysql4_Count extends Mage_Core_Model_Mysql4_Abstract
{
    public function _construct()
    {    
        // Note that the count_id refers to the key field in your database table.
        $this->_init('count/count', 'count_id');
    }
}

Model/Mysql4/Count/Collection.php

<?php

class Message_Count_Model_Mysql4_Count_Collection extends Mage_Core_Model_Mysql4_Collection_Abstract
{
    public function _construct()
    {
        parent::_construct();
        $this->_init('count/count');
    }
}

到此为止，Model就差不多写完了。但是还有很多工作要做，
Block和Helper的内容要怎么写呢？
Helper/Data.php

<?php
class Message_Count_Helper_Data extends Mage_Core_Helper_Abstract
{
}

Block/Count.php

<?php
class Message_Count_Block_Count extends Mage_Core_Block_Template
{
    
}

现在只剩下，模板phtml文件和布局文件layout下的xml文件了。
design/frontend/rwd/default/layout/count.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<layout version="0.1.0">
    <default>
    </default>
    <count_index_index>
        <reference name="content">
            <block type="count/count" name="count" template="count/count.phtml" />
        </reference>
    </count_index_index>
    <count_index_save>
        <reference name="content">
            <block type="count/count" name="count" template="count/save.phtml" />
        </reference>
    </count_index_save>
</layout>

design/frontend/rwd/default/template/count/count.phtml

<form id="count" action="<?php echo Mage::getUrl('count/index/save') ?>" method="post" >
        <fieldset>
            <ul>
                <li>
                    <label><?php echo $this->__('Model Name') ?></label>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <input type="text" id="Model_Name" name="Model_Name" class="required-entry"/>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <label><?php echo $this->__('Name') ?></label></li>
                <li>
                    <input type="text" id="Name" name="Name" class="required-entry"/>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <label><?php echo $this->__('Serial Number') ?></label>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <input type="text" id="Serial_Number" name="Serial_Number" class="validate-number required-entry"/>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <label><?php echo $this->__('Email') ?></label>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <input type="text" id="Email" name="Email" class="required-entry validate-email"/>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <label><?php echo $this->__('Data Purchased') ?></label>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <input type="date" id="Data_Purchased" name="Data_Purchased" class="validate-date" />
                </li>
                <li>
                    <label for="Message_Source"><?php echo $this->__('How Did You Hear About INGEAR?') ?></label>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <select id="Messages_Source" name="Messages_Source" class="validate-select">
                        <option value="Web_search">Web search</option>
                        <option value="Online_review">Online review</option>
                        <option value="Online_Ad">Online Ad</option>
                        <option value="Other">Other</option>
                    </select>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <label><?php echo $this->__('Let us know how we\'re doing!Tell us what you think about our products?') ?></label>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <textarea  rows="10" id="Content" name="Content"></textarea>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <input type="submit" value="<?php echo $this->__('sub') ?>" />
                </li>
            </ul>
        </fieldset>
</form>

现在可以来看看效果：

然后再在IndexController.php控制器中添加模板提交的处理方法

public function saveAction()
{
    $data = $this->getRequest()->getPost();
    $model = Mage::getModel('count/count');
    $result = $model->setData($data)->save();

    //$this->loadLayout();
    //$this->renderLayout();
    $this->_redirect('*/*/');
}

接下来，要做的就是写后台部分，实现表单提交，后台接收和展示。