在app的开发中，页面之间的相互跳转是最基本常用的功能。在Android中的跳转一般通过显式intent和隐式intent两种方式实现的，而Android的原生跳转方式会存在一些缺点：
显式intent的实现方式，因为会存在直接的类依赖的问题，导致耦合严重； 隐式intent的实现方式，则会出现规则集中式管理，导致协作变得困难； 可配置性较差，一般而言配置规则都是在Manifest中的，这就导致了扩展性较差； 跳转过程无法控制，一旦使用了StartActivity()就无法插手其中任何环节了，只能交给系统管理； 特别是当使用多组件化开发时，使用原生的路由方式很难实现完全解耦；
而阿里的ARouter路由框架具有解耦、简单易用、支持多模块项目、定制性较强、支持拦截逻辑等诸多优点，很好的解决了上述的问题。
Arouter原理
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ARouter在编译时会生成module下生成这些文件
public class ARouter$$Root$$app implements IRouteRoot { @Override public void loadInto(Map<String, Class<? extends IRouteGroup>> routes) { routes.put("app", ARouter$$Group$$app.class); } } public class ARouter$$Group$$app implements IRouteGroup { @Override public void loadInto(Map<String, RouteMeta> atlas) { atlas.put("/app/main", RouteMeta.build(RouteType.ACTIVITY, MainActivity.class, "/app/main", "app", null, -1, -2147483648)); atlas.put("/app/second", RouteMeta.build(RouteType.ACTIVITY, SecondActivity.class, "/app/second", "app", null, -1, -2147483648)); } } public class ARouter$$Providers$$app implements IProviderGroup { @Override public void loadInto(Map<String, RouteMeta> providers) { } } 复制代码 -
接着看一下初始化方法
public static void init(Application application) { if (!hasInit) { logger = _ARouter.logger; _ARouter.logger.info(Consts.TAG, "ARouter init start."); hasInit = _ARouter.init(application); if (hasInit) { _ARouter.afterInit(); } _ARouter.logger.info(Consts.TAG, "ARouter init over."); } } 复制代码调用了_ARouter.init方法后接着就调用 _ARouter.afterInit方法
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跟进_ARouter.init方法
protected static synchronized boolean init(Application application) { mContext = application; LogisticsCenter.init(mContext, executor); logger.info(Consts.TAG, "ARouter init success!"); hasInit = true; mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()); return true; } 复制代码最主要的是ogisticsCenter.init(mContext, executor)这一句，其他的都是进行基本的赋值
public synchronized static void init(Context context, ThreadPoolExecutor tpe) throws HandlerException { mContext = context; executor = tpe; try { long startInit = System.currentTimeMillis(); //先通过插件加载 loadRouterMap(); if (registerByPlugin) { logger.info(TAG, "Load router map by arouter-auto-register plugin."); } else { //加载routerMap Set<String> routerMap; if (ARouter.debuggable() || PackageUtils.isNewVersion(context)) { logger.info(TAG, "Run with debug mode or new install, rebuild router map."); routerMap = ClassUtils.getFileNameByPackageName(mContext, ROUTE_ROOT_PAKCAGE); if (!routerMap.isEmpty()) { context.getSharedPreferences(AROUTER_SP_CACHE_KEY, Context.MODE_PRIVATE).edit().putStringSet(AROUTER_SP_KEY_MAP, routerMap).apply(); } PackageUtils.updateVersion(context); } else { logger.info(TAG, "Load router map from cache."); routerMap = new HashSet<>(context.getSharedPreferences(AROUTER_SP_CACHE_KEY, Context.MODE_PRIVATE).getStringSet(AROUTER_SP_KEY_MAP, new HashSet<String>())); } //开始加载 startInit = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (String className : routerMap) { if (className.startsWith(ROUTE_ROOT_PAKCAGE + DOT + SDK_NAME + SEPARATOR + SUFFIX_ROOT)) { // 加载ARouter$$RootXXX的IRouteRoot子类 ((IRouteRoot) (Class.forName(className).getConstructor().newInstance())).loadInto(Warehouse.groupsIndex); } else if (className.startsWith(ROUTE_ROOT_PAKCAGE + DOT + SDK_NAME + SEPARATOR + SUFFIX_INTERCEPTORS)) { // 加载ARouter$$InterceptorsXXX的IInterceptorGroup子类 ((IInterceptorGroup) (Class.forName(className).getConstructor().newInstance())).loadInto(Warehouse.interceptorsIndex); } else if (className.startsWith(ROUTE_ROOT_PAKCAGE + DOT + SDK_NAME + SEPARATOR + SUFFIX_PROVIDERS)) { // 加载ARouter$$ProvidersXXX的IProviderGroup子类 ((IProviderGroup) (Class.forName(className).getConstructor().newInstance())).loadInto(Warehouse.providersIndex); } } } logger.info(TAG, "Load root element finished, cost " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startInit) + " ms."); if (Warehouse.groupsIndex.size() == 0) { logger.error(TAG, "No mapping files were found, check your configuration please!"); } if (ARouter.debuggable()) { logger.debug(TAG, String.format(Locale.getDefault(), "LogisticsCenter has already been loaded, GroupIndex[%d], InterceptorIndex[%d], ProviderIndex[%d]", Warehouse.groupsIndex.size(), Warehouse.interceptorsIndex.size(), Warehouse.providersIndex.size())); } } catch (Exception e) { throw new HandlerException(TAG + "ARouter init logistics center exception! [" + e.getMessage() + "]"); } } 复制代码从com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes这个包下面去扫描并加载到routerMap，本地进行缓存，如果是debug模式或者是新版本都需要从新进行扫描。然后对router进行分类并加载到Warehouse中进行管理。
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然后跟进_ARouter.afterInit方法
static void afterInit() { interceptorService = (InterceptorService) ARouter.getInstance().build("/arouter/service/interceptor").navigation(); } 复制代码afterInit方法是跟使用Arouter跳转activity的代码非常像，它返回了一个InterceptorService进行赋值。跟进去看一下，ARouter.getInstance()返回了一个Arouter的单例对象，然后接着调用了它的build方法
public Postcard build(String path) { return _ARouter.getInstance().build(path); } 复制代码接着又获取了_ARouter的单例对象并调用其build方法。
protected Postcard build(String path) { if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) { throw new HandlerException(Consts.TAG + "Parameter is invalid!"); } else { PathReplaceService pService = ARouter.getInstance().navigation(PathReplaceService.class); if (null != pService) { path = pService.forString(path); } return build(path, extractGroup(path)); } } 复制代码对path进行了判空，接着用另一种navigation方法获取了一个PathReplaceService，这个我们后面再看。再接着就是调用了extractGroup方法从path中获取到路由的group，然后再调用build(String path, String group)方法。
protected Postcard build(String path, String group) { if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path) || TextUtils.isEmpty(group)) { throw new HandlerException(Consts.TAG + "Parameter is invalid!"); } else { PathReplaceService pService = ARouter.getInstance().navigation(PathReplaceService.class); if (null != pService) { path = pService.forString(path); } return new Postcard(path, group); } }
跟上面的build方法比较类似，最后就返回了一个postcart对象。afterInit方法中最后就是拿着返回的postcart对象去调用navigation方法，navigation方法最终会调用到_ARouter的navigation(final Context context, final Postcard postcard, final int requestCode, final NavigationCallback callback)方法。
protected Object navigation(final Context context, final Postcard postcard, final int requestCode, final NavigationCallback callback) { try { LogisticsCenter.completion(postcard); } catch (NoRouteFoundException ex) { logger.warning(Consts.TAG, ex.getMessage()); if (debuggable()) { runInMainThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Toast.makeText(mContext, "There's no route matched!\n" + " Path = [" + postcard.getPath() + "]\n" + " Group = [" + postcard.getGroup() + "]", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); } if (null != callback) { callback.onLost(postcard); } else { // No callback for this invoke, then we use the global degrade service. DegradeService degradeService = ARouter.getInstance().navigation(DegradeService.class); if (null != degradeService) { degradeService.onLost(context, postcard); } } return null; } if (null != callback) { callback.onFound(postcard); } if (!postcard.isGreenChannel()) { // It must be run in async thread, maybe interceptor cost too mush time made ANR. interceptorService.doInterceptions(postcard, new InterceptorCallback() { @Override public void onContinue(Postcard postcard) { _navigation(context, postcard, requestCode, callback); } @Override public void onInterrupt(Throwable exception) { if (null != callback) { callback.onInterrupt(postcard); } } }); } else { return _navigation(context, postcard, requestCode, callback); } return null; } 复制代码代码比较多，我们看主要的，首先是调用了LogisticsCenter.completion(postcard)，这个方法是去加载路由信息，（前面LogisticsCenter只加载了相关group的一些东西，具体group中的路由还没有加载），如果已经加载就获取信息完成postcart对象其他字段的赋值。然后就是在拦截器中（如果是GreenChannel则直接调用）调用_navigation(context, postcard, requestCode, callback)方法。
public synchronized static void completion(Postcard postcard) { if (null == postcard) { throw new NoRouteFoundException(TAG + "No postcard!"); } RouteMeta routeMeta = Warehouse.routes.get(postcard.getPath()); if (null == routeMeta) { // Maybe its does't exist, or didn't load. Class<? extends IRouteGroup> groupMeta = Warehouse.groupsIndex.get(postcard.getGroup()); // Load route meta. if (null == groupMeta) { throw new NoRouteFoundException(TAG + "There is no route match the path [" + postcard.getPath() + "], in group [" + postcard.getGroup() + "]"); } else { try { IRouteGroup iGroupInstance = groupMeta.getConstructor().newInstance(); iGroupInstance.loadInto(Warehouse.routes); Warehouse.groupsIndex.remove(postcard.getGroup()); if (ARouter.debuggable()) { logger.debug(TAG, String.format(Locale.getDefault(), "The group [%s] has already been loaded, trigger by [%s]", postcard.getGroup(), postcard.getPath())); } } catch (Exception e) { throw new HandlerException(TAG + "Fatal exception when loading group meta. [" + e.getMessage() + "]"); } completion(postcard); // Reload } } else { postcard.setDestination(routeMeta.getDestination()); postcard.setType(routeMeta.getType()); postcard.setPriority(routeMeta.getPriority()); postcard.setExtra(routeMeta.getExtra()); Uri rawUri = postcard.getUri(); if (null != rawUri) { // Try to set params into bundle. Map<String, String> resultMap = TextUtils.splitQueryParameters(rawUri); Map<String, Integer> paramsType = routeMeta.getParamsType(); if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(paramsType)) { for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> params : paramsType.entrySet()) { setValue(postcard, params.getValue(), params.getKey(), resultMap.get(params.getKey())); } postcard.getExtras().putStringArray(ARouter.AUTO_INJECT, paramsType.keySet().toArray(new String[]{})); } postcard.withString(ARouter.RAW_URI, rawUri.toString()); } switch (routeMeta.getType()) { case PROVIDER: Class<? extends IProvider> providerMeta = (Class<? extends IProvider>) routeMeta.getDestination(); IProvider instance = Warehouse.providers.get(providerMeta); if (null == instance) { // There's no instance of this provider IProvider provider; try { provider = providerMeta.getConstructor().newInstance(); provider.init(mContext); Warehouse.providers.put(providerMeta, provider); instance = provider; } catch (Exception e) { throw new HandlerException("Init provider failed! " + e.getMessage()); } } postcard.setProvider(instance); postcard.greenChannel(); // Provider should skip all of interceptors break; case FRAGMENT: postcard.greenChannel(); // Fragment needn't interceptors default: break; } } } 复制代码if (null == groupMeta)这段代码中就是将这个path对应的group中的路由全部加载进来，然后又一次调用了completion(postcard)方法，下面就是对postcard进行赋值，switch语句中可以看到PROVIDER、FRAGMENT就是直接不通过拦截器的，而且PROVIDER的创建由框架控制，如果有实例就不重复创建了。让后就是真正的路由方法_navigation(context, postcard, requestCode, callback)
private Object _navigation(final Context context, final Postcard postcard, final int requestCode, final NavigationCallback callback) { final Context currentContext = null == context ? mContext : context; switch (postcard.getType()) { case ACTIVITY: final Intent intent = new Intent(currentContext, postcard.getDestination()); intent.putExtras(postcard.getExtras()); int flags = postcard.getFlags(); if (-1 != flags) { intent.setFlags(flags); } else if (!(currentContext instanceof Activity)) { // Non activity, need less one flag. intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); } String action = postcard.getAction(); if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(action)) { intent.setAction(action); } runInMainThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { startActivity(requestCode, currentContext, intent, postcard, callback); } }); break; case PROVIDER: return postcard.getProvider(); case BOARDCAST: case CONTENT_PROVIDER: case FRAGMENT: Class fragmentMeta = postcard.getDestination(); try { Object instance = fragmentMeta.getConstructor().newInstance(); if (instance instanceof Fragment) { ((Fragment) instance).setArguments(postcard.getExtras()); } else if (instance instanceof android.support.v4.app.Fragment) { ((android.support.v4.app.Fragment) instance).setArguments(postcard.getExtras()); } return instance; } catch (Exception ex) { logger.error(Consts.TAG, "Fetch fragment instance error, " + TextUtils.formatStackTrace(ex.getStackTrace())); } case METHOD: case SERVICE: default: return null; } return null; } 复制代码简单明了，ACTIVITY就直接跳转了返回null，PROVIDER就返回provider的实现类，BOARDCAST、CONTENT_PROVIDER、FRAGMENT也是通过反射创建对应的实例对象然后返回。
从整个Arouter的初始化流程，大家应该就明白了，Arouter其实就是将类的相关信息与我们给定的路由形成一个映射，这些映射关系在Arouter初始化的时候被加载进来，然后再通过我们定义好的路由来找到我们的类。所以我们在组件化中就可以通过路由来跳转其他module的activity。
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