大纲
一、软件包相关
二、rpm实例详解
三、yum实例详解
四、创建本地yum仓库
一、软件包相关
1、软件包组成部分
①二进制程序，例如/bin /sbin
②库，例如/lib
③配置文件，例如/etc
④帮助文档，例如/usr/share/man
2、软件包管理器的核心功能
①制作软件包
②安装、卸载、升级、查询、校验
3、rpm包命名格式
name-version-release.arch.rpm
如 vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
name:包名
version:版本号包括主版本号、此版本号、修正号
主版本号：重大改进
次版本号：某个子功能发生重大变化
修正号：修正了部分bug，调整了一点功能
release：发行号，rpm包制作者的发行号，与源程序作者没关系
arch：架构平台，包括系统平台与硬件平台
4、加密类型
①对称：加密解密使用同一个密钥，如DES、3DES、AES
②公钥：一对密钥，公钥(Public Key)，私钥(Secret Key)；公钥隐含于私钥中，可以提取出来，并公开出去；用作数据完整性校验，如DSA、RSA
③单向：又被称作散列加密，是用来提取数据特征码的，特点①雪崩效应②定长输出③不可逆；常用于数据完整性校验，如SHA1、MD5
5、yum仓库中的元数据文件
①primary.xml.gz：所有RPM包的列表；依赖关系；每个RPM安装生成的文件列表及属性信息
②filelists.xml.gz：当前仓库中所有RPM包的所有文件列表
③other.xml.gz：额外信息，RPM包的修改日志
④repomd.xml：记录的是上面三个文件的时间戳和校验和
⑤comps*.xml: RPM包分组信息
6、yum仓库主配置文件/etc/yum.conf
[root@soysauce test]# cat /etc/yum.conf [main] # 主配置段 cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever # yum的缓存目录，包括rpm包 keepcache=0 # 是否保留缓存及rpm包 debuglevel=2 # debug级别 logfile=/var/log/yum.log # 日志文件路径定义 exactarch=1 # 严格检查Yum仓库中软件包与当前系统平台是否一致 obsoletes=1 # 过期内容是否废弃 gpgcheck=1 # 是否检查rpm包来源合法性及完整性 plugins=1 # 是否支持插件 installonly_limit=5 # 定义位于installpkgs里的包最多安装的次数 distroverpkg=centos-release # rpm包发行版版本
7、定义repo文件
在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下新建一个以repo结尾的文件，如test.repo
[Repo_ID] # 仓库ID，不能与已有的仓库同名
name=Description # 注释信息，自定义
baseurl= | | # 定义yum仓库的路径，此处有三种方式定义
enabled={1|0} # 是否启用此yum仓库
gpgcheck={1|0} # 是否校验软件包的来源合法性以及完整性
gpgkey= # 指定密钥文件路径
8、编译安装软件之后做的四件事
①修改PATH环境变量，以能够识别此程序的二进制文件路径
两种方式：
修改/etc/profile文件
在/etc/profile.d/目录建立一个以.sh为名称后缀的文件，在里面定义export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/somewhere
②输出库文件路径，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径/lib, /usr/lib;
在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件，然后把增添的路径直接写至此文件中
# ldconfig 通知系统重新搜寻库文件，-v: 显示重新搜寻库的过程
③头文件：输出给系统默认：/usr/include，增添头文件搜寻路径，使用链接进行
两种方式：
ln -s /usr/local/tengine/include/* /usr/include/
ln -s /usr/local/tengine/include /usr/include/tengine
④man文件路径：安装在--prefix指定的目录下的man目录；/usr/share/man
两种方式：
man -M /PATH/TO/MAN_DIR COMMAND
在/etc/man.config中添加一条MANPATH
二、rpm详解
rpm - RPM Package Manager # RPM包管理器 SYNOPSIS QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES：-q、-V、--import、-K INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES：-i、-U、-F、-e MISCELLANEOUS：--initdb、--addsign、--querytags、--setperms
1、安装
rpm -i /PATH/TO/PACKAGE_FILE -h: 以#显示进度；每个#表示2% -v: 显示详细过程 -vv: 更详细的过程 --nodeps: 忽略依赖关系 --replacepkgs: 重新安装，替换原有安装 --force: 强行安装，可以实现重装或降级
(1)、安装时显示详细信息：-v
[root@soysauce test]# ls corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm # 这个包没有依赖关系，顺利安装 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:vsftpd ########################################### [100%]
(2)、安装时忽略依赖关系：--nodeps
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm # 这个包有依赖关系，装不上 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 is already installed [root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh --nodeps corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm # --nodeps忽略依赖关系 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 is already installed # 虽然装上去了，但是可能无法使用
(3)、重新安装某个已经安装过的软件：--replacepkgs
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 is already installed # 此时提示已经安装过了 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh --replacepkgs vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm # 替换安装 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:vsftpd ########################################### [100%]
(4)、强制安装：--force
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 is already installed # 此时提示已经安装过了 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh --force vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm # 强制安装 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:vsftpd ########################################### [100%]
(5)、测试能否安装：--test
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -e vsftpd # 先卸载此rpm包 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh --test vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm ＃ 此时并没有安装，只是测试 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q vsftpd # 查询是否安装此rpm包 package vsftpd is not installed
2、查询
rpm -q PACKAGE_NAME rpm -q PACKAGE_NAME：查询指定的包是否已经安装 rpm -qa：查询已经安装的所有包 rpm -qi PACKAGE_NAME：查询指定包的说明信息 rpm -ql PACKAGE_NAME：查询指定包安装后生成的文件列表 rpm -qc PACEAGE_NEME：查询指定包安装的配置文件 rpm -qd PACKAGE_NAME：查询指定包安装的帮助文件 rpm -q --scripts PACKAGE_NAME：查询指定包中包含的脚本 rpm -qf /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE：查询指定的文件是由哪个rpm包安装生成的 rpm -qpi /PATH/TO/PACKAGE_FILE：查询尚未安装的软件包的说明信息 rpm -qpl /PATH/TO/PACKAGE_FILE：查询尚未安装的软件包安装后会生成的文件列表
(1)、查询指定的包是否已经安装：-q
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -q vsftpd vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64
(2)、查询已经安装的所有包：-qa
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -qa | grep "vsftpd" vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64
(3)、查询指定包的说明信息：-qi
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -qi vsftpd package vsftpd is not installed [root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:vsftpd ########################################### [100%] [root@soysauce test]# rpm -qi vsftpd Name : vsftpd Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 2.2.2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 14.el6 Build Date: Fri 24 Jul 2015 08:49:50 AM CST Install Date: Sun 29 Nov 2015 08:32:19 PM CST Build Host: c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org Group : System Environment/Daemons Source RPM: vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.src.rpm Size : 339540 License: GPLv2 with exceptions Signature : RSA/SHA1, Sat 25 Jul 2015 04:41:15 AM CST, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> URL : http://vsftpd.beasts.org/ Summary : Very Secure Ftp Daemon Description : vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from scratch.
(4)、查询指定包安装后生成的文件列表：-ql
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -ql vsftpd |head -10 # 因为篇幅原因，顾只选取前10行 /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers /etc/vsftpd/user_list /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh /usr/sbin/vsftpd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2
(5)、查询指定包安装的配置文件：-qc
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -qc vsftpd /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers /etc/vsftpd/user_list /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
(6)、查询指定包安装的帮助文件：-qd
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -qd vsftpd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/AUDIT /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/BENCHMARKS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/BUGS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/COPYING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/Changelog /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/hosts.allow /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/logins.txt /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/FAQ /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/INSTALL /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/README.security /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/REWARD /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SECURITY/DESIGN /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SECURITY/IMPLEMENTATION /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SECURITY/OVERVIEW /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SECURITY/TRUST /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SIZE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SPEED /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/TODO /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/TUNING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz
(7)、查询指定包中包含的脚本：-q --scripts
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -q --scripts vsftpd postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh): # 安装后脚本 /sbin/chkconfig --add vsftpd preuninstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh): # 卸载前脚本 if [ $1 = 0 ]; then /sbin/service vsftpd stop > /dev/null 2>&1 /sbin/chkconfig --del vsftpd fi
(8)、查询指定的文件是由哪个rpm包安装生成的：-qf
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -qf /usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64
(9)、rpm包尚未安装：-qp
[root@soysauce test]# ls corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q corosync # 此时corosync尚未安装 package corosync is not installed [root@soysauce test]# rpm -qi corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm # -q只能查询已经安装的软件包 package corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm is not installed [root@soysauce test]# rpm -qpi corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm # 加上-p选项即可 Name : corosync Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 1.4.7 Vendor: CentOS Release : 2.el6 Build Date: Fri 24 Jul 2015 07:12:34 AM CST Install Date: (not installed) Build Host: c6b9.bsys.dev.centos.org Group : System Environment/Base Source RPM: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.src.rpm Size : 448791 License: BSD Signature : RSA/SHA1, Sat 25 Jul 2015 04:38:44 AM CST, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> URL : http://ftp.corosync.org Summary : The Corosync Cluster Engine and Application Programming Interfaces Description : This package contains the Corosync Cluster Engine Executive, several default APIs and libraries, default configuration files, and an init script.
3、升级
rpm -Uvh /PATH/TO/NEW_PACKAGE_FILE: 如果装有老版本的，则升级；否则，则安装 rpm -Fvh /PATH/TO/NEW_PACKAGE_FILE：如果装有老版本的，则升级；否则，退出 --oldpackage: 降级
(1)、如果装有老版本的，则升级；否则，则安装：-Uvh
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm # 提示与旧版本有冲突 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] file /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 file /etc/pam.d/vsftpd from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 file /etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 file /usr/sbin/vsftpd from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 file /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 file /etc/vsftpd/user_list from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 file /usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 file /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz from install of vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -Uvh vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm # 因为装有老版本，所以-Uvh可以直接升级 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:vsftpd ########################################### [100%] [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q vsftpd vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 # 可以看到已经成功升级
(2)、如果装有老版本的，则升级；否则，退出：-Fvh
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -q lftp package lftp is not installed # lftp没有安装 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -Fvh lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64.rpm # 因为没有装老版本，所以退出 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q lftp package lftp is not installed # 可以看到并没有安装上去 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q vsftpd vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 # vsftpd是安装过的 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -Fvh vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:vsftpd ########################################### [100%] [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q vsftpd vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 # 可以看到已经成功升级
(3)、降级：--oldpackage
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -q vsftpd vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 # 此时是2.3.5-1版本的vsftpd包 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -Uvh vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm # 提示安装的包是老版本的包 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package vsftpd-2.3.5-1.el6.x86_64 (which is newer than vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64) is already installed [root@soysauce test]# rpm -Uvh --oldpackage vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:vsftpd ########################################### [100%] [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q vsftpd vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 # 成功降级为2.2.2-14版本的vsftpd包
4、卸载
rpm -e PACKAGE_NAME
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -q vsftpd vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -e vsftpd # 如果没有依赖关系，是可以直接卸载的 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q vsftpd package vsftpd is not installed # 卸载成功
5、校验
rpm -V PACKAGE_NAME
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -V vsftpd # 校验发现没有被修改过 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -qc vsftpd # 查询vsftpd包生成的配置文件 /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers /etc/vsftpd/user_list /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf [root@soysauce test]# echo "A new line" >> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # 新增一行内容 [root@soysauce test]# rpm -V vsftpd S.5....T. c /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # 再次校验发现有了改动 各字段属性含义： S file Size differs # 文件大小发生改变 M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type) # 权限或文件类型改变 5 digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs # MD5值发生改变 D Device major/minor number mismatch # 设备主、次设备号不匹配 L readLink(2) path mismatch # 读取链接路径不匹配 U User ownership differs # 属主发生改变 G Group ownership differs # 属组发生改变 T mTime differs # 修改时间戳发生变化 P caPabilities differ # 功能发生改变
6、重建数据库
rpm --rebuilddb：重建数据库，一定会重新建立 rpm --initdb：初始化数据库，没有才建立，有就不用建立
(1)、初始化数据库，没有才建立，有就不用建立：--initdb
[root@soysauce test]# ls /var/lib/rpm/ # rpm包信息数据库所在目录 Basenames Filedigests Name Providename Requirename Sigmd5 Conflictname Group Obsoletename Provideversion Requireversion Triggername Dirnames Installtid Packages Pubkeys Sha1header [root@soysauce test]# rpm --initdb # 已经有rpm包的数据库，并没有重新生成
(2)、重建数据库，一定会重新建立：--rebuilddb
[root@soysauce test]# ls /var/lib/rpm/ Basenames __db.002 Dirnames Installtid Packages Pubkeys Sha1header Conflictname __db.003 Filedigests Name Providename Requirename Sigmd5 __db.001 __db.004 Group Obsoletename Provideversion Requireversion Triggername [root@soysauce test]# rpm --rebuilddb # 已经有rpm包的数据库，但还是会重新生成
7、检验来源合法性，及软件包完整性
rpm -K /PAPT/TO/PACKAGE_FILE dsa, gpg：验正来源合法性，也即验正签名；可以使用--nosignature，略过此项 sha1, md5：验正软件包完整性；可以使用--nodigest，略过此项 rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 # 导入密钥文件
(1)、验证软件包来源合法性以及完整性：-K
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -K corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK # 全部都OK
(2)、只验证软件包来源合法性：-K --nodigest
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -K --nodigest corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm: rsa (md5) pgp OK # rsa、gpg验证软件包来源合法性
(3)、只验证软件包完整性：-K --nosignature
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -K --nosignature corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm: sha1 md5 OK # sha1、md5验证软件包完整性
三、yum
yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified SYNOPSIS yum [options] [command] [package ...] install package1 [package2] [...] * update [package1] [package2] [...] * update-to [package1] [package2] [...] * check-update * upgrade [package1] [package2] [...] * upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...] * distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...] * remove | erase package1 [package2] [...] * list [...] * info [...] * provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...] * clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ] * makecache * groupinstall group1 [group2] [...] * groupupdate group1 [group2] [...] * grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...] * groupremove group1 [group2] [...] * groupinfo group1 [...] * search string1 [string2] [...] * shell [filename] * resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...] * localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...] (maintained for legacy reasons only - use install) * localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...] (maintained for legacy reasons only - use update) * reinstall package1 [package2] [...] * downgrade package1 [package2] [...] * deplist package1 [package2] [...] * repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
1、安装
(1)、安装yum仓库中的软件包
yum install PACKAGE_NAME...
-y：自动回答为yes
--nogpgcheck：不进行gpg校验
[root@soysauce yum.repos.d]# rpm -q lftp
package lftp is not installed # lftp尚未安装
[root@soysauce yum.repos.d]# yum install -y lftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-6.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libgnutls.so.26(GNUTLS_1_4)(64bit) for package: lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgnutls.so.26()(64bit) for package: lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gnutls.x86_64 0:2.8.5-18.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================================
Installing:
lftp x86_64 4.0.9-6.el6 base 752 k
Installing for dependencies:
gnutls x86_64 2.8.5-18.el6 base 347 k
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================
Install 2 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.1 M
Installed size: 3.5 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): gnutls-2.8.5-18.el6.x86_64.rpm | 347 kB 00:00
(2/2): lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64.rpm | 752 kB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 860 kB/s | 1.1 MB 00:01
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 1 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
corosynclib-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of corosync = ('0', '1.4.7', '2.el6')
Installing : gnutls-2.8.5-18.el6.x86_64 1/2
Installing : lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : gnutls-2.8.5-18.el6.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-6.el6
Dependency Installed:
gnutls.x86_64 0:2.8.5-18.el6
Complete!
[root@soysauce yum.repos.d]# rpm -q lftp
lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64 # 此时可以看到已成功安装，自动解决依赖关系
(2)、重新安装某个已经安装过的软件：reinstall
[root@soysauce yum.repos.d]# rpm -q lftp lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64 # 此时可以看到lftp已经安装过了 [root@soysauce yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y lftp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Reinstall Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-6.el6 will be reinstalled --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================== Reinstalling: lftp x86_64 4.0.9-6.el6 base 752 k Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================================== Reinstall 1 Package(s) Total download size: 752 k Installed size: 2.5 M Downloading Packages: lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64.rpm | 752 kB 00:01 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : lftp-4.0.9-6.el6.x86_64 1/1 Installed: lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-6.el6 Complete!
(3)、安装一个本地rpm包：localinstall
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -ivh corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm # 提示缺少依赖关系，无法安装 error: Failed dependencies: corosynclib = 1.4.7-2.el6 is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libcfg.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libcfg.so.4(COROSYNC_CFG_0.82)(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libconfdb.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libconfdb.so.4(COROSYNC_CONFDB_1.0)(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libcoroipcc.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libcoroipcs.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libcpg.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libcpg.so.4(COROSYNC_CPG_1.0)(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 liblogsys.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libpload.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libpload.so.4(COROSYNC_PLOAD_1.0)(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libquorum.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libquorum.so.4(COROSYNC_QUORUM_1.0)(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libtotem_pg.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libvotequorum.so.4()(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 libvotequorum.so.4(COROSYNC_VOTEQUORUM_1.0)(64bit) is needed by corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 [root@soysauce test]# yum localinstall corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Local Package Process Examining corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 Marking corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package corosync.x86_64 0:1.4.7-2.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: corosynclib = 1.4.7-2.el6 for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcfg.so.4(COROSYNC_CFG_0.82)(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libconfdb.so.4(COROSYNC_CONFDB_1.0)(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcpg.so.4(COROSYNC_CPG_1.0)(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpload.so.4(COROSYNC_PLOAD_1.0)(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libquorum.so.4(COROSYNC_QUORUM_1.0)(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libvotequorum.so.4(COROSYNC_VOTEQUORUM_1.0)(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcfg.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libconfdb.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcoroipcc.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcoroipcs.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcpg.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: liblogsys.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpload.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libquorum.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libtotem_pg.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libvotequorum.so.4()(64bit) for package: corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package corosynclib.x86_64 0:1.4.7-2.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================== Installing: corosync x86_64 1.4.7-2.el6 /corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 438 k Installing for dependencies: corosynclib x86_64 1.4.7-2.el6 base 192 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================== Install 2 Package(s) Total size: 630 k Total download size: 192 k Installed size: 859 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: corosynclib-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 192 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 1/2 Installing : corosynclib-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : corosynclib-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 2/2 Installed: corosync.x86_64 0:1.4.7-2.el6 Dependency Installed: corosynclib.x86_64 0:1.4.7-2.el6 Complete! [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q corosync corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 # 可以看到已经成功安装
2、查询
(1)、查询指定的包是否已经安装：list
[root@soysauce test]# yum list lftp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Installed Packages # 已安装的包 lftp.x86_64 4.0.9-6.el6 @base Available Packages # 可安装的包 lftp.i686 4.0.9-6.el6 base
(2)、查询已经安装的所有包：list all
[root@soysauce ~]# yum list all | grep "vim" # 查找包含vim字符串的包 vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.629-5.el6 @base vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.629-5.el6 @base vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.629-5.el6 @base vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.2.411-1.8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 beakerlib-vim-syntax.noarch 1.11-1.el6 epel docker-io-vim.x86_64 1.7.1-2.el6 epel protobuf-vim.x86_64 2.3.0-9.el6 epel vim-X11.x86_64 2:7.4.629-5.el6 base vim-clustershell.noarch 1.7-1.el6 epel vim-halibut.noarch 1.0-2.20100504svn8934.el6 epel vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.4.629-5.el6 base
(3) 、查询仓库中包的说明信息：info
[root@soysauce test]# yum info corosync Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Installed Packages Name : corosync Arch : x86_64 Version : 1.4.7 Release : 2.el6 Size : 438 k Repo : installed From repo : /corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 Summary : The Corosync Cluster Engine and Application Programming Interfaces URL : http://ftp.corosync.org License : BSD Description : This package contains the Corosync Cluster Engine Executive, several default : APIs and libraries, default configuration files, and an init script.
(4)、查询某个命令是由哪个包提供的：provides
[root@soysauce test]# yum provides "/bin/ls" # 查询/bin/ls由哪个包提供 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net coreutils-8.4-37.el6_7.3.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /bin/ls coreutils-8.4-37.el6.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /bin/ls coreutils-8.4-31.el6.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts Repo : installed Matched from: Other : Provides-match: /bin/ls
(5)、查询所有的yum仓库：repolist
[root@soysauce test]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net repo id repo name status base CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com 6,575 *epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 11,882 extras CentOS-6 - Extras - 163.com 45 updates CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com 670 repolist: 19,172
(6)、查询某个包的依赖关系：deplist
[root@soysauce test]# yum deplist vsftpd | head -20 # 因为篇幅原因，顾只取前20行 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Finding dependencies: package: vsftpd.x86_64 2.2.2-14.el6 dependency: libssl.so.10()(64bit) provider: openssl.x86_64 1.0.1e-42.el6 dependency: libnsl.so.1()(64bit) provider: glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.166.el6 provider: glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.166.el6_7.1 provider: glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.166.el6_7.3 dependency: /sbin/service provider: initscripts.x86_64 9.03.49-1.el6.centos provider: initscripts.x86_64 9.03.49-1.el6.centos.2 provider: initscripts.x86_64 9.03.49-1.el6.centos.1 dependency: logrotate provider: logrotate.x86_64 3.7.8-23.el6 provider: logrotate.x86_64 3.7.8-25.el6_7 dependency: /bin/bash provider: bash.x86_64 4.1.2-33.el6
3、升级
(1)、查询所有可升级的软件包：check-update
[root@soysauce test]# yum check-update |head -10 # 因为篇幅原因，顾只取前10行 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net ansible.noarch 1.9.4-1.el6 epel audit.x86_64 2.3.7-5.el6 base audit-libs.x86_64 2.3.7-5.el6 base authconfig.x86_64 6.1.12-23.el6 base b43-openfwwf.noarch 5.2-10.el6 base bash.x86_64 4.1.2-33.el6_7.1 updates Exiting on Broken Pipe
(2)、升级软件包：update
[root@soysauce test]# rpm -q tar tar-1.23-11.el6.x86_64 # 此时tar为1.23-11的版本 [root@soysauce test]# yum update tar Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Setting up Update Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package tar.x86_64 2:1.23-11.el6 will be updated ---> Package tar.x86_64 2:1.23-13.el6 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================== Updating: tar x86_64 2:1.23-13.el6 base 809 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================== Upgrade 1 Package(s) Total download size: 809 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: tar-1.23-13.el6.x86_64.rpm | 809 kB 00:01 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : 2:tar-1.23-13.el6.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup : 2:tar-1.23-11.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : 2:tar-1.23-13.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 2:tar-1.23-11.el6.x86_64 2/2 Updated: tar.x86_64 2:1.23-13.el6 Complete! [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q tar tar-1.23-13.el6.x86_64 # 此时可以看到已经升级到了1.23-13的版本
4、卸载
yum remove PACKAGE_NAME [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q corosync corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 # corosync已经安装了 [root@soysauce test]# yum remove corosync Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package corosync.x86_64 0:1.4.7-2.el6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: corosync = 1.4.7-2.el6 for package: corosynclib-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package corosynclib.x86_64 0:1.4.7-2.el6 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================== Removing: corosync x86_64 1.4.7-2.el6 @/corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 438 k Removing for dependencies: corosynclib x86_64 1.4.7-2.el6 @base 421 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================== Remove 2 Package(s) Installed size: 859 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 1/2 Erasing : corosynclib-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : corosynclib-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : corosync-1.4.7-2.el6.x86_64 2/2 Removed: corosync.x86_64 0:1.4.7-2.el6 Dependency Removed: corosynclib.x86_64 0:1.4.7-2.el6 Complete! [root@soysauce test]# rpm -q corosync package corosync is not installed # 此时可以看到已经卸载了
5、缓存
(1)、清除缓存：clean
[root@soysauce test]# yum clean all # 清楚yum仓库元数据信息和缓存的rpm包 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates Cleaning up Everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
(2)、新建缓存：makecache
[root@soysauce test]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors epel/metalink | 4.6 kB 00:00 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net base | 3.7 kB 00:00 base/group_gz | 219 kB 00:00 base/filelists_db | 6.3 MB 00:05 base/primary_db | 4.6 MB 00:04 base/other_db | 2.8 MB 00:02 epel | 4.3 kB 00:00 epel/filelists_db | 8.1 MB 02:19 epel/updateinfo | 706 kB 00:01 epel/primary_db | 5.8 MB 00:23 epel/other_db | 2.9 MB 00:10 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras/filelists_db | 36 kB 00:00 extras/prestodelta | 601 B 00:00 extras/primary_db | 33 kB 00:00 extras/other_db | 47 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/filelists_db | 2.1 MB 00:02 updates/prestodelta | 210 kB 00:01 updates/primary_db | 2.6 MB 00:05 updates/other_db | 31 MB 00:35 Metadata Cache Created
6、软件包组管理
(1)、查看软件包组信息：groupinfo
[root@soysauce test]# yum groupinfo "Emacs" Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Group: Emacs Description: The GNU Emacs extensible, customizable, text editor. Mandatory Packages: emacs Optional Packages: ctags-etags emacs-auctex emacs-gnuplot emacs-nox
(2)、安装软件包组：groupinstall
[root@soysauce test]# yum groupinstall "Emacs" Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Setting up Group Process Checking for new repos for mirrors Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-28.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: emacs-common = 1:23.1-28.el6 for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: m17n-db-datafiles for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: librsvg2 for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: desktop-file-utils for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: librsvg-2.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libotf.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libm17n-flt.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libm17n-core.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libgif.so.4()(64bit) for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package desktop-file-utils.x86_64 0:0.15-9.el6 will be installed ---> Package emacs-common.x86_64 1:23.1-28.el6 will be installed ---> Package giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.10-2.el6 will be installed ---> Package libotf.x86_64 0:0.9.9-3.1.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libXt.so.6()(64bit) for package: libotf-0.9.9-3.1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXmu.so.6()(64bit) for package: libotf-0.9.9-3.1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXaw.so.7()(64bit) for package: libotf-0.9.9-3.1.el6.x86_64 ---> Package librsvg2.x86_64 0:2.26.0-14.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libgsf >= 1.6.0 for package: librsvg2-2.26.0-14.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libgsf-1.so.114()(64bit) for package: librsvg2-2.26.0-14.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcroco-0.6.so.3()(64bit) for package: librsvg2-2.26.0-14.el6.x86_64 ---> Package m17n-db-datafiles.noarch 0:1.5.5-1.1.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: m17n-db = 1.5.5-1.1.el6 for package: m17n-db-datafiles-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch ---> Package m17n-lib.x86_64 0:1.5.5-2.el6_1.1 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package libXaw.x86_64 0:1.0.11-2.el6 will be installed ---> Package libXmu.x86_64 0:1.1.1-2.el6 will be installed ---> Package libXt.x86_64 0:1.1.4-6.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package libcroco.x86_64 0:0.6.2-5.el6 will be installed ---> Package libgsf.x86_64 0:1.14.15-5.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: GConf2 for package: libgsf-1.14.15-5.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: GConf2 for package: libgsf-1.14.15-5.el6.x86_64 ---> Package m17n-db.noarch 0:1.5.5-1.1.el6 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package GConf2.x86_64 0:2.28.0-6.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: sgml-common for package: GConf2-2.28.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: dbus for package: GConf2-2.28.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpolkit-gobject-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: GConf2-2.28.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libORBit-2.so.0()(64bit) for package: GConf2-2.28.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package ORBit2.x86_64 0:2.14.17-5.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libIDL-2.so.0()(64bit) for package: ORBit2-2.14.17-5.el6.x86_64 ---> Package dbus.x86_64 1:1.2.24-8.el6_6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: dbus-libs = 1:1.2.24-8.el6_6 for package: 1:dbus-1.2.24-8.el6_6.x86_64 ---> Package polkit.x86_64 0:0.96-11.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: ConsoleKit for package: polkit-0.96-11.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libeggdbus-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: polkit-0.96-11.el6.x86_64 ---> Package sgml-common.noarch 0:0.6.3-33.el6 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package ConsoleKit.x86_64 0:0.4.1-3.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libck-connector.so.0()(64bit) for package: ConsoleKit-0.4.1-3.el6.x86_64 ---> Package dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.2.24-7.el6_3 will be updated ---> Package dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.2.24-8.el6_6 will be an update ---> Package eggdbus.x86_64 0:0.6-3.el6 will be installed ---> Package libIDL.x86_64 0:0.8.13-2.1.el6 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package ConsoleKit-libs.x86_64 0:0.4.1-3.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================== Installing: emacs x86_64 1:23.1-28.el6 base 2.2 M Installing for dependencies: ConsoleKit x86_64 0.4.1-3.el6 base 82 k ConsoleKit-libs x86_64 0.4.1-3.el6 base 17 k GConf2 x86_64 2.28.0-6.el6 base 964 k ORBit2 x86_64 2.14.17-5.el6 base 168 k dbus x86_64 1:1.2.24-8.el6_6 base 207 k desktop-file-utils x86_64 0.15-9.el6 base 47 k eggdbus x86_64 0.6-3.el6 base 91 k emacs-common x86_64 1:23.1-28.el6 base 18 M giflib x86_64 4.1.6-3.1.el6 base 37 k libIDL x86_64 0.8.13-2.1.el6 base 83 k libXaw x86_64 1.0.11-2.el6 base 178 k libXmu x86_64 1.1.1-2.el6 base 66 k libXpm x86_64 3.5.10-2.el6 base 51 k libXt x86_64 1.1.4-6.1.el6 base 165 k libcroco x86_64 0.6.2-5.el6 base 100 k libgsf x86_64 1.14.15-5.el6 base 116 k libotf x86_64 0.9.9-3.1.el6 base 80 k librsvg2 x86_64 2.26.0-14.el6 base 140 k m17n-db noarch 1.5.5-1.1.el6 base 41 k m17n-db-datafiles noarch 1.5.5-1.1.el6 base 717 k m17n-lib x86_64 1.5.5-2.el6_1.1 base 157 k polkit x86_64 0.96-11.el6 base 162 k sgml-common noarch 0.6.3-33.el6 base 43 k Updating for dependencies: dbus-libs x86_64 1:1.2.24-8.el6_6 base 127 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================== Install 24 Package(s) Upgrade 1 Package(s) Total download size: 24 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/25): ConsoleKit-0.4.1-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 82 kB 00:00 (2/25): ConsoleKit-libs-0.4.1-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 17 kB 00:00 (3/25): GConf2-2.28.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm | 964 kB 00:00 (4/25): ORBit2-2.14.17-5.el6.x86_64.rpm | 168 kB 00:00 (5/25): dbus-1.2.24-8.el6_6.x86_64.rpm | 207 kB 00:00 (6/25): dbus-libs-1.2.24-8.el6_6.x86_64.rpm | 127 kB 00:00 (7/25): desktop-file-utils-0.15-9.el6.x86_64.rpm | 47 kB 00:00 (8/25): eggdbus-0.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00 (9/25): emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64.rpm | 2.2 MB 00:01 (10/25): emacs-common-23.1-28.el6.x86_64.rpm | 18 MB 00:18 (11/25): giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00 (12/25): libIDL-0.8.13-2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 83 kB 00:00 (13/25): libXaw-1.0.11-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 178 kB 00:00 (14/25): libXmu-1.1.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 66 kB 00:00 (15/25): libXpm-3.5.10-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 51 kB 00:00 (16/25): libXt-1.1.4-6.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 165 kB 00:00 (17/25): libcroco-0.6.2-5.el6.x86_64.rpm | 100 kB 00:00 (18/25): libgsf-1.14.15-5.el6.x86_64.rpm | 116 kB 00:00 (19/25): libotf-0.9.9-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 80 kB 00:00 (20/25): librsvg2-2.26.0-14.el6.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:00 (21/25): m17n-db-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch.rpm | 41 kB 00:00 (22/25): m17n-db-datafiles-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch.rpm | 717 kB 00:00 (23/25): m17n-lib-1.5.5-2.el6_1.1.x86_64.rpm | 157 kB 00:00 (24/25): polkit-0.96-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 162 kB 00:00 (25/25): sgml-common-0.6.3-33.el6.noarch.rpm | 43 kB 00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 959 kB/s | 24 MB 00:25 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : 1:dbus-libs-1.2.24-8.el6_6.x86_64 1/26 Installing : 1:dbus-1.2.24-8.el6_6.x86_64 2/26 Installing : libXt-1.1.4-6.1.el6.x86_64 3/26 Installing : libXmu-1.1.1-2.el6.x86_64 4/26 Installing : m17n-db-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch 5/26 Installing : libXpm-3.5.10-2.el6.x86_64 6/26 Installing : libXaw-1.0.11-2.el6.x86_64 7/26 Installing : libotf-0.9.9-3.1.el6.x86_64 8/26 Installing : m17n-lib-1.5.5-2.el6_1.1.x86_64 9/26 Installing : m17n-db-datafiles-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch 10/26 Installing : ConsoleKit-libs-0.4.1-3.el6.x86_64 11/26 Installing : eggdbus-0.6-3.el6.x86_64 12/26 Installing : polkit-0.96-11.el6.x86_64 13/26 Installing : ConsoleKit-0.4.1-3.el6.x86_64 14/26 Installing : desktop-file-utils-0.15-9.el6.x86_64 15/26 Installing : 1:emacs-common-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 16/26 Installing : libcroco-0.6.2-5.el6.x86_64 17/26 Installing : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 18/26 Installing : libIDL-0.8.13-2.1.el6.x86_64 19/26 Installing : ORBit2-2.14.17-5.el6.x86_64 20/26 Installing : sgml-common-0.6.3-33.el6.noarch 21/26 Installing : GConf2-2.28.0-6.el6.x86_64 22/26 Installing : libgsf-1.14.15-5.el6.x86_64 23/26 Installing : librsvg2-2.26.0-14.el6.x86_64 24/26 Installing : 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 25/26 Cleanup : 1:dbus-libs-1.2.24-7.el6_3.x86_64 26/26 Verifying : librsvg2-2.26.0-14.el6.x86_64 1/26 Verifying : sgml-common-0.6.3-33.el6.noarch 2/26 Verifying : libXpm-3.5.10-2.el6.x86_64 3/26 Verifying : ConsoleKit-0.4.1-3.el6.x86_64 4/26 Verifying : GConf2-2.28.0-6.el6.x86_64 5/26 Verifying : polkit-0.96-11.el6.x86_64 6/26 Verifying : eggdbus-0.6-3.el6.x86_64 7/26 Verifying : libgsf-1.14.15-5.el6.x86_64 8/26 Verifying : libXt-1.1.4-6.1.el6.x86_64 9/26 Verifying : ORBit2-2.14.17-5.el6.x86_64 10/26 Verifying : 1:dbus-1.2.24-8.el6_6.x86_64 11/26 Verifying : libIDL-0.8.13-2.1.el6.x86_64 12/26 Verifying : 1:dbus-libs-1.2.24-8.el6_6.x86_64 13/26 Verifying : ConsoleKit-libs-0.4.1-3.el6.x86_64 14/26 Verifying : m17n-lib-1.5.5-2.el6_1.1.x86_64 15/26 Verifying : libXaw-1.0.11-2.el6.x86_64 16/26 Verifying : m17n-db-datafiles-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch 17/26 Verifying : libotf-0.9.9-3.1.el6.x86_64 18/26 Verifying : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 19/26 Verifying : libcroco-0.6.2-5.el6.x86_64 20/26 Verifying : 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 21/26 Verifying : m17n-db-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch 22/26 Verifying : 1:emacs-common-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 23/26 Verifying : libXmu-1.1.1-2.el6.x86_64 24/26 Verifying : desktop-file-utils-0.15-9.el6.x86_64 25/26 Verifying : 1:dbus-libs-1.2.24-7.el6_3.x86_64 26/26 Installed: emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-28.el6 Dependency Installed: ConsoleKit.x86_64 0:0.4.1-3.el6 ConsoleKit-libs.x86_64 0:0.4.1-3.el6 GConf2.x86_64 0:2.28.0-6.el6 ORBit2.x86_64 0:2.14.17-5.el6 dbus.x86_64 1:1.2.24-8.el6_6 desktop-file-utils.x86_64 0:0.15-9.el6 eggdbus.x86_64 0:0.6-3.el6 emacs-common.x86_64 1:23.1-28.el6 giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 libIDL.x86_64 0:0.8.13-2.1.el6 libXaw.x86_64 0:1.0.11-2.el6 libXmu.x86_64 0:1.1.1-2.el6 libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.10-2.el6 libXt.x86_64 0:1.1.4-6.1.el6 libcroco.x86_64 0:0.6.2-5.el6 libgsf.x86_64 0:1.14.15-5.el6 libotf.x86_64 0:0.9.9-3.1.el6 librsvg2.x86_64 0:2.26.0-14.el6 m17n-db.noarch 0:1.5.5-1.1.el6 m17n-db-datafiles.noarch 0:1.5.5-1.1.el6 m17n-lib.x86_64 0:1.5.5-2.el6_1.1 polkit.x86_64 0:0.96-11.el6 sgml-common.noarch 0:0.6.3-33.el6 Dependency Updated: dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.2.24-8.el6_6 Complete!
(3)、查看软件包组列表：grouplist
[root@soysauce test]# yum grouplist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Installed Groups: # 已安装的包组 Additional Development Development tools E-mail server Emacs FTP server Graphical Administration Tools Legacy UNIX compatibility Legacy X Window System compatibility Load Balancer Milkymist Network file system client Perl Support Security Tools System administration tools Web Server Available Groups: # 可安装的包组 Backup Client Backup Server Base CIFS file server Client management tools Compatibility libraries Console internet tools Debugging Tools Desktop Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools Desktop Platform Desktop Platform Development Dial-up Networking Support Directory Client Directory Server Eclipse Educational Software Electronic Lab FCoE Storage Client Fedora Packager Fonts General Purpose Desktop Graphics Creation Tools Guest Agents Hardware monitoring utilities Haskell High Availability High Availability Management Identity Management Server Infiniband Support Input Methods Internet Applications Internet Browser Java Platform KDE Desktop Large Systems Performance Mainframe Access Messaging Client Support Messaging Server Support MySQL Database client MySQL Database server NFS file server Network Infrastructure Server Network Storage Server Networking Tools Office Suite and Productivity PHP Support Performance Tools PostgreSQL Database client PostgreSQL Database server Print Server Printing client Remote Desktop Clients Resilient Storage Ruby Support SNMP Support Scalable Filesystems Scientific support Server Platform Server Platform Development Smart card support Storage Availability Tools System Management TeX support Technical Writing TurboGears application framework Virtualization Virtualization Client Virtualization Platform Virtualization Tools Web Servlet Engine Web-Based Enterprise Management X Window System Xfce iSCSI Storage Client Available Language Groups: # 可安装的语言包组 Afrikaans Support [af] Albanian Support [sq] Amazigh Support [ber] Arabic Support [ar] Armenian Support [hy] Assamese Support [as] Azerbaijani Support [az] Basque Support [eu] Belarusian Support [be] Bengali Support [bn] Bhutanese Support [dz] Brazilian Portuguese Support [pt_BR] Breton Support [br] Bulgarian Support [bg] Catalan Support [ca] Chhattisgarhi Support [hne] Chichewa Support [ny] Chinese Support [zh] Coptic Support [cop] Croatian Support [hr] Czech Support [cs] Danish Support [da] Dutch Support [nl] English (UK) Support [en_GB] Esperanto Support [eo] Estonian Support [et] Ethiopic Support [am] Faroese Support [fo] Fijian Support [fj] Filipino Support [fil] Finnish Support [fi] French Support [fr] Frisian Support [fy] Friulian Support [fur] Gaelic Support [gd] Galician Support [gl] Georgian Support [ka] German Support [de] Greek Support [el] Gujarati Support [gu] Hebrew Support [he] Hiligaynon Support [hil] Hindi Support [hi] Hungarian Support [hu] Icelandic Support [is] Indonesian Support [id] Interlingua Support [ia] Inuktitut Support [iu] Irish Support [ga] Italian Support [it] Japanese Support [ja] Kannada Support [kn] Kashmiri Support [ks] Kashubian Support [csb] Kazakh Support [kk] Khmer Support [km] Kinyarwanda Support [rw] Konkani Support [kok] Korean Support [ko] Kurdish Support [ku] Lao Support [lo] Latin Support [la] Latvian Support [lv] Lithuanian Support [lt] Low Saxon Support [nds] Luxembourgish Support [lb] Macedonian Support [mk] Maithili Support [mai] Malagasy Support [mg] Malay Support [ms] Malayalam Support [ml] Maltese Support [mt] Manx Support [gv] Maori Support [mi] Marathi Support [mr] Mongolian Support [mn] Myanmar (Burmese) Support [my] Nepali Support [ne] Northern Sotho Support [nso] Norwegian Support [nb] Occitan Support [oc] Oriya Support [or] Persian Support [fa] Polish Support [pl] Portuguese Support [pt] Punjabi Support [pa] Romanian Support [ro] Russian Support [ru] Sanskrit Support [sa] Sardinian Support [sc] Serbian Support [sr] Sindhi Support [sd] Sinhala Support [si] Slovak Support [sk] Slovenian Support [sl] Somali Support [so] Southern Ndebele Support [nr] Southern Sotho Support [st] Spanish Support [es] Swahili Support [sw] Swati Support [ss] Swedish Support [sv] Tagalog Support [tl] Tajik Support [tg] Tamil Support [ta] Telugu Support [te] Tetum Support [tet] Thai Support [th] Tibetan Support [bo] Tsonga Support [ts] Tswana Support [tn] Turkish Support [tr] Turkmen Support [tk] Ukrainian Support [uk] Upper Sorbian Support [hsb] Urdu Support [ur] Uzbek Support [uz] Venda Support [ve] Vietnamese Support [vi] Walloon Support [wa] Welsh Support [cy] Xhosa Support [xh] Zulu Support [zu] Done
(4)、移除包组：groupremove
[root@soysauce test]# yum groupremove "Emacs" Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-28.el6 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================== Removing: emacs x86_64 1:23.1-28.el6 @base 11 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================== Remove 1 Package(s) Installed size: 11 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : 1:emacs-23.1-28.el6.x86_64 1/1 Removed: emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-28.el6 Complete!
四、定义本地yum源
1、首先准备一个目录，再将软件包导入
[root@soysauce test]# ls /root/test/testyum | wc -l # 这是我自己做测试用的，只有147个包 147
2、安装createrepo软件包
[root@soysauce test]# yum install -y createrepo # 这是创建本地yum源的需要用软件包
3、生成yum源的元数据信息目录repodata
[root@soysauce test]# ls testyum [root@soysauce test]# createrepo testyum Spawning worker 0 with 147 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete [root@soysauce test]# ll -d testyum/repodata/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 30 14:29 testyum/repodata/ # repodata目录已然生成
4、编写repo文件
[root@soysauce test]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ # 所有repo文件定义都在这个目录下 [root@soysauce yum.repos.d]# cat test.repo # 新建一个以repo结尾的文件 [test] name=test yum baseurl=file:///root/test/testyum enabled=1 gpgcheck=0
5、查看yum源
[root@soysauce test]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net repo id repo name status base CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com 6,575 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 11,886 extras CentOS-6 - Extras - 163.com 45 test test yum 147 # 可以看到test源已然生效 updates CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com 670 repolist: 19,323
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/soysauce93/1717953
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