linux-shell编程6：sed练习

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 16:58:46 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 16:58:46 发布

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文章标签：操作系统 shell 开发工具

原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/14083201/2346215

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sed案例

#源文件
[root@localhost ~]# cp  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777728 test.txt

#第二行后追加TYPE=Ethernet
    [root@localhost ~]# sed '2a TYPE=Ethernet' test.txt
#第三行前插入TYPE=Ethernet
    sed '3i TYPE=Ethernet' test.txt
#将文本中所有的yes替换为no
    [root@localhost ~]# sed 's/yes/no/g' test.txt
#删除第三四行的内容
    [root@localhost ~]# sed  '3,4d' test.txt

sed命令集练习

案例文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat quote.txt
The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.

使用p(rint)显示行

[root@localhost ~]# sed '2p' quote.txt 
    The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
    It was an evening of splendid music and company.
    It was an evening of splendid music and company.
    Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
    The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '2p' quote.txt 
    It was an evening of splendid music and company.
[root@localhost ~]#

打印范围

number：指定输入文件的唯一行号
number1，number2：'1,3p' 匹配number1到number2支间的所有行
first~step：指定从first行开始，每个step几行打印
$:代表最后一行
addr1，+N：匹配addr1以及后面的N行内容
/regexp/ 匹配正则

[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '1,3'p quote.txt 
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '1~2p' quote.txt 
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '1,+1'p quote.txt

打印匹配模式

/pattern/:匹配模式
#匹配单词evening，并打印此行
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/evening/p' quote.txt 
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
[root@localhost ~]#

使用模式和行号进行查询

在查找时，sed返回指定单词的许多行，为了返回结果更加精确，我们可以将行号和模式进行结合
使用模式与行号混合方法时：格式为：
line_number,/patter/   #行号与匹配逗号隔开
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/The/p' quote.txt
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '4,/The/p' quote.txt

匹配元字符

$
对于元字符，使用转义字符\屏蔽其原有含义
/\$/p

[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/\$/'p quote.txt

显示整个文件

从第一行匹配到最后一行    1,$

[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '1,$'p quote.txt

显示任意字符

匹配任意字母，
.*ing

[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/.*ing/'p quote.txt

打印首行

打印文件第一行
sed -n '1p'  quote.txt

打印最后一行

sed -n '$'p  quote.txt

打印行号

/pattern/=

[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/music/=' quote.txt 
2
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/music/p' quote.txt 
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n -e '/musci/p' -e '/musci/=' quote.txt 
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n -e '/music/p' -e '/music/=' quote.txt 
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
2
[root@localhost ~]# cat -n quote.txt 
     1  The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
     2  It was an evening of splendid music and company.
     3  Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
     4  The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# sed -e '/music/=' quote.txt 
The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
2
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]#

文本追加

a/  附加文本
可以指定文本一行或多行附加到指定行，若不指定文本放置位置，缺省放置在每一行后面
格式：
    [address]a\text\text\text\

    root@localhost ~]# sed "/company/a\I love Beijing Tian'anmen " quote.txt 

    [root@localhost ~]# sed "a\I love Beijing Tian'anmen " quote.txt

利用脚本进行追加

[root@localhost ~]# vim add.sed
[root@localhost ~]# cat add.sed 
#!/bin/sed -f
/company/a\
I love my gril friend. \
I love myself.
[root@localhost ~]# 

[root@localhost ~]# chmod u+x add.sed 
[root@localhost ~]# ./add.sed 

[root@localhost ~]# ./add.sed  quote.txt 
The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
I love my gril friend. 
I love myself.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]#

插入文本

i/  插入文本
插入文本类似于附加文本，只是在指定行前插入
[root@localhost ~]# vim insert.sed
[root@localhost ~]# cat insert.sed 
#!/bin/sed -f
4 i\
Welcome to Beijing Tu Ling XueYuan 
[root@localhost ~]# 

[root@localhost ~]# chmod u+x insert.sed 
[root@localhost ~]# ./insert.sed quote.txt 
The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
Welcome to Beijing Tu Ling XueYuan 
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]#

修改文本

[address[,address]] c\
text/
text/
………………

[root@localhost ~]# vim cha.sed
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x cha.sed 
[root@localhost ~]# ./cha.sed quote.txt 
北京图灵学院欢迎您！
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# cat -n quote.txt 
     1  The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
     2  It was an evening of splendid music and company.
     3  Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
     4  The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# cat -n cha.sed 
     1  #!/bin/sed -f
     2  /honeysuckle/ c\
     3  北京图灵学院欢迎您！
[root@localhost ~]#

针对于同一个文件可以对脚本进行混合操作

[root@localhost ~]# vim Supper.sed
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# cat Supper.sed 
#!/bin/sed -f
1 c\
北京图灵学院欢迎您~~~

/evening/  i\
欢迎来到北京图灵学院学习~~~

3 a\
我们的课程包含python,java,数据分析，前端，php,linux

$ c\
北京图灵学院祝愿学业有成~~
[root@localhost ~]# chmod u+x Supper.sed 
[root@localhost ~]# ./Supper.sed quote.txt 
北京图灵学院欢迎您~~~
欢迎来到北京图灵学院学习~~~
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
我们的课程包含python,java,数据分析，前端，php,linux
北京图灵学院祝愿学业有成~~
[root@localhost ~]#

删除文本

格式:
[address[,address]]d   #可以是的行也可以是匹配

删除第一行：
删除最后一行：
使用正则进行删除：

[root@localhost ~]# sed '1d' quote.txt 
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# sed '$d' quote.txt 
The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/music/d' quote.txt 
The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]#

替换文本

格式：
[address[,address]] s\ x/y/[gpwn]

s  通知sed为替换操作，查询x，替换为y

g   全局替换，默认替换第一次匹配到的
p   标准输出，加p使-n不生效
w   替换输出文件为，另存为

#替换company为COMPANY
[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/company/CONMPANY/' quote.txt

#替换小写the
[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/The/the/' quote.txt 

[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/The/the/' quote.txt 
the The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
the local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/The/the/g' quote.txt 
the the honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
the local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# 

#从$90中删除$符号
[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/\$//' quote.txt 
The The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly 90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# 

#文件另存为
w 存储数据文件
[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/splendid/HELLO/' quote.txt  > sed.out

[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/splendid/HELLO/w' quote.txt
sed: couldn't open file : No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/splendid/HELLO/w sed.out' quote.txt
The The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of HELLO music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# cat sed.out 
It was an evening of HELLO music and company.
[root@localhost ~]#

使用替换修改字符串

如果要附加或修改一个字符串，可以使用(&)命令
&命令保存发现模式，以便重新调用，然后把他放在替换字符串里面
先给出一个被替换模式，然后是一个准备附加在第一个模式后的另一个模式，并且后面带有&，这样修改模式将放在匹配模式之前

[root@localhost ~]# sed -n 's/floor/FLLOR &/p' quote.txt
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n 's/band/ Welcome  TLXY &/'p quote.txt

写入文件

使用 > 文件重定向
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# sed '1,2 w file' quote.txt 
The The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# cat fil
file    filedt  filrft  
[root@localhost ~]# cat file
The The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
[root@localhost ~]#

从文件中读取文本

格式：
    address r  filename

[root@localhost ~]# vim r.txt
[root@localhost ~]# cat r.txt 
I love my girl friend
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/company/r r.txt' quote.txt 
The The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
I love my girl friend
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
[root@localhost ~]# sed '$r r.txt' quote.txt 
The The honeysuckle band played all night long for inly $90.
It was an evening of splendid music and company.
Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
The local nurse MIss P.Neave was in attendance.
I love my girl friend
[root@localhost ~]#

匹配后退出

q
有时候需要在模式匹配首次出现后退出，以便执行其他脚本指令
格式：
    address q

[root@localhost ~]# cat q.txt 
Line 1.band
Line 2.bad
Line 3.was
Line 4.was
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# sed '/.*a.*/q' q.txt 
Line 1.band
[root@localhost ~]#

去除首行数字

[root@localhost ~]# cat a.txt 
121Line 1.band
3232Line 2.bad
342345234Line 3.was
342342Line 4.was
[root@localhost ~]# 

[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/^[0-9]*/Start /g' a.txt 
Start Line 1.band
Start Line 2.bad
Start Line 3.was
Start Line 4.was
[root@localhost ~]# sed 's/^[0-9]*//g' a.txt 
Line 1.band
Line 2.bad
Line 3.was
Line 4.was
[root@localhost ~]#

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/14083201/2346215