LINQ to SQL:创建你的第一个程序

0.参考文献

http://tech.it168.com/msoft/2007-12-21/200712211034451.shtml

1. 概述 

在LINQ to SQL系列之一基础篇中,我介绍了学习LINQ to SQL的一些基础知识的准备,为了让大家对LINQ to SQL有一个直观的认识和了解,在本文中,我将以Step By Step的形式来创建一个LINQ to SQL的程序,实现基本的增删改查。

2. 环境准备 

我的开发环境
   A. Visual Studio 2010 
   B. SQL Server 2012

3. 准备数据库 

第一步,我们先准备相关的数据表结构(在下篇文章中我会写到如何使用DataContext来直接创建数据库)。这里创建一个Customers数据表,它具有姓名、年龄、地址、城市、电话等这样一些字段: 

View Code
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Customers]
( 
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, 
    [Name] [nvarchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, 
    [Age] [int] NULL, 
    [Address] [nvarchar](200) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, 
    [City] [nvarchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, 
    [Phone] [nvarchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, 
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Customers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
    ( 
        [Id] ASC 
    )WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ON [PRIMARY] 
) ON [PRIMARY] 

4. 建立示例程序 

第二步,建立Web Site。在Default.aspx界面添加GridView的控件,使其看起来如下图所示:

  第三步,在website目录下添加App_Code文件夹,然后在App_Code文件夹下添加LINQ to SQL Classes类,然后添加数据库连接,如下图所示:

如上图所示,在Tables中找到我们第一步创建的Customers表到设计界面,如下图所示:

 经过了上面的操作之后,在新建的LINQ to SQL类中做了什么?打开刚才所建的LINQ to SQL类设计文件(.designer.cs),可以看到,首先定义了一个DataClassesDataContext类,并为它配置了名为Database的特性,DataContext(数据上下文)类是实体类和数据库之间的一个桥梁,Database特性配置了该DataContext与哪个数据库所对应: 

View Code
[global::System.Data.Linq.Mapping.DatabaseAttribute(Name="TSQL2012")]
public partial class DataClassesDataContext : System.Data.Linq.DataContext
{
    
    private static System.Data.Linq.Mapping.MappingSource mappingSource = new AttributeMappingSource();
    
  #region Extensibility Method Definitions
  partial void OnCreated();
  partial void InsertCustomer(Customer instance);
  partial void UpdateCustomer(Customer instance);
  partial void DeleteCustomer(Customer instance);
  #endregion
    
    public DataClassesDataContext() : 
            base(global::System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["TSQL2012ConnectionString"].ConnectionString, mappingSource)
    {
        OnCreated();
    }
    
    public DataClassesDataContext(string connection) : 
            base(connection, mappingSource)
    {
        OnCreated();
    }
    
    public DataClassesDataContext(System.Data.IDbConnection connection) : 
            base(connection, mappingSource)
    {
        OnCreated();
    }
    
    public DataClassesDataContext(string connection, System.Data.Linq.Mapping.MappingSource mappingSource) : 
            base(connection, mappingSource)
    {
        OnCreated();
    }
    
    public DataClassesDataContext(System.Data.IDbConnection connection, System.Data.Linq.Mapping.MappingSource mappingSource) : 
            base(connection, mappingSource)
    {
        OnCreated();
    }
    
    public System.Data.Linq.Table<Customer> Customers
    {
        get
        {
            return this.GetTable<Customer>();
        }
    }
}

   同时,还定义了一个名为Customer的实体类,该类是对数据库表的描述,通过Table特性来指定它与哪张表映射,通过Column特性来指定属性与数据库表中的字段之间的对应关系,关于DataContext(数据上下文)和实体的映射,后续的文章中我还会专门去讲述。 

View Code
[global::System.Data.Linq.Mapping.TableAttribute(Name="dbo.Customers")]
public partial class Customer : INotifyPropertyChanging, INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    
    private static PropertyChangingEventArgs emptyChangingEventArgs = new PropertyChangingEventArgs(String.Empty);
    
    private int _Id;
    
    private string _Name;
    
    private System.Nullable<int> _Age;
    
    private string _Address;
    
    private string _City;
    
    private string _Phone;
    
    #region Extensibility Method Definitions
    partial void OnLoaded();
    partial void OnValidate(System.Data.Linq.ChangeAction action);
    partial void OnCreated();
    partial void OnIdChanging(int value);
    partial void OnIdChanged();
    partial void OnNameChanging(string value);
    partial void OnNameChanged();
    partial void OnAgeChanging(System.Nullable<int> value);
    partial void OnAgeChanged();
    partial void OnAddressChanging(string value);
    partial void OnAddressChanged();
    partial void OnCityChanging(string value);
    partial void OnCityChanged();
    partial void OnPhoneChanging(string value);
    partial void OnPhoneChanged();
    #endregion
    
    public Customer()
    {
        OnCreated();
    }
    
    [global::System.Data.Linq.Mapping.ColumnAttribute(Storage="_Id", AutoSync=AutoSync.OnInsert, DbType="Int NOT NULL IDENTITY", IsPrimaryKey=true, IsDbGenerated=true)]
    public int Id
    {
        get
        {
            return this._Id;
        }
        set
        {
            if ((this._Id != value))
            {
                this.OnIdChanging(value);
                this.SendPropertyChanging();
                this._Id = value;
                this.SendPropertyChanged("Id");
                this.OnIdChanged();
            }
        }
    }
    
    [global::System.Data.Linq.Mapping.ColumnAttribute(Storage="_Name", DbType="NVarChar(50)")]
    public string Name
    {
        get
        {
            return this._Name;
        }
        set
        {
            if ((this._Name != value))
            {
                this.OnNameChanging(value);
                this.SendPropertyChanging();
                this._Name = value;
                this.SendPropertyChanged("Name");
                this.OnNameChanged();
            }
        }
    }
    
    [global::System.Data.Linq.Mapping.ColumnAttribute(Storage="_Age", DbType="Int")]
    public System.Nullable<int> Age
    {
        get
        {
            return this._Age;
        }
        set
        {
            if ((this._Age != value))
            {
                this.OnAgeChanging(value);
                this.SendPropertyChanging();
                this._Age = value;
                this.SendPropertyChanged("Age");
                this.OnAgeChanged();
            }
        }
    }
    
    [global::System.Data.Linq.Mapping.ColumnAttribute(Storage="_Address", DbType="NVarChar(200)")]
    public string Address
    {
        get
        {
            return this._Address;
        }
        set
        {
            if ((this._Address != value))
            {
                this.OnAddressChanging(value);
                this.SendPropertyChanging();
                this._Address = value;
                this.SendPropertyChanged("Address");
                this.OnAddressChanged();
            }
        }
    }
    
    [global::System.Data.Linq.Mapping.ColumnAttribute(Storage="_City", DbType="NVarChar(50)")]
    public string City
    {
        get
        {
            return this._City;
        }
        set
        {
            if ((this._City != value))
            {
                this.OnCityChanging(value);
                this.SendPropertyChanging();
                this._City = value;
                this.SendPropertyChanged("City");
                this.OnCityChanged();
            }
        }
    }
    
    [global::System.Data.Linq.Mapping.ColumnAttribute(Storage="_Phone", DbType="NVarChar(50)")]
    public string Phone
    {
        get
        {
            return this._Phone;
        }
        set
        {
            if ((this._Phone != value))
            {
                this.OnPhoneChanging(value);
                this.SendPropertyChanging();
                this._Phone = value;
                this.SendPropertyChanged("Phone");
                this.OnPhoneChanged();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public event PropertyChangingEventHandler PropertyChanging;
    
    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    
    protected virtual void SendPropertyChanging()
    {
        if ((this.PropertyChanging != null))
        {
            this.PropertyChanging(this, emptyChangingEventArgs);
        }
    }
    
    protected virtual void SendPropertyChanged(String propertyName)
    {
        if ((this.PropertyChanged != null))
        {
            this.PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }
    }
}

5. 实现数据的查询 

第四步,经过了前面的几步准备之后,就可是实现我们的查询了。先来查询Customers表中所有的记录,并绑定到GridView控件上。在Default.aspx.cs中编写如下代码: 

 

View Code
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext(); 
        IEnumerable<Customer> customers = from c in db.Customers 
                                          select c;
        this.gv_Customer.DataSource = customers;
        this.gv_Customer.DataBind(); 
    }
}

打开网页如下图所示:

6. 实现带条件的查询 

在上一步中,我们查询了所有的记录,接下来看一下如何进行带条件的查询,譬如说显示某一给定ID的客户详细信息。

View Code
 IEnumerable<Customer> customers = from c in db.Customers
                                          where c.Id == 1 
                                          select c;

如下图所示:

7. 实现数据的增加 

在LINQ to SQL中,可以很方便的进行数据的操作,可以调用InsertOnSubmit方法,如果需要批量增加的,需要调用泛型的InsertAllOnSubmit()方法。如下所示: 

View Code
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext();
        Customer customer = new Customer
        {
            Name = "TerryLee",
            City = "TianJin",
            Phone = "110119114",
            Address = "Tianjin Nankai"
        };
        db.Customers.InsertOnSubmit(customer);
        db.SubmitChanges(); 
        IEnumerable<Customer> customers = from c in db.Customers
                                          select c;
        this.gv_Customer.DataSource = customers;
        this.gv_Customer.DataBind(); 
    }
}

  在这段代码中,我们首先构造一个Customer对象,并运行对象初始化器对其进行初始化。调用InsertOnSubmit()方法来增加一条记录,并用SubmitChanges()将其持久化到数据库中。运行Code7中的代码后,可以看到在数据库中增加了一条新的记录:

8. 实现数据的修改 

在LINQ to SQL中实现对数据的修改,只需要在查询出数据后,直接调用DataContext方法SubmitChanges()进行更新就可以了。如果涉及到在多个DataContext之间进行数据的更新,需要使用Attach方法(后续文章中会写到)。 

View Code
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext();
        Customer customer = db.Customers.Single(p => p.Id == 1);
        customer.Name = "zhangsan"; ;
        db.SubmitChanges(); 
        IEnumerable<Customer> customers = from c in db.Customers
                                          select c;
        this.gv_Customer.DataSource = customers;
        this.gv_Customer.DataBind(); 
    }
}

9. 实现数据的删除 

   在LINQ to SQL中,实现数据的删除,类似与上面所讲的数据的增加,只不过调用的方法相应的变为DeleteOnSubmit()和DeleteAllOnSubmit(),这里就不再细说了,如下代码片段所示: 

View Code
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext();
        Customer customer = db.Customers.Single(p => p.Id == 1);
        db.Customers.DeleteOnSubmit(customer);
        db.SubmitChanges(); 
        IEnumerable<Customer> customers = from c in db.Customers
                                          select c;
        this.gv_Customer.DataSource = customers;
        this.gv_Customer.DataBind(); 
    }
}

上述代码首先查询出Id为1的记录,并将其删除。 

 

 

 

 


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