【Cesium解读】Cesium中primitive/entity贴地

Primitive

Primitive由两部分组成：几何体（Geometry）和外观（Appearance）。几何体定义了几何类型、位置和颜色，例如三角形、多边形、折线、点、标签等；外观则定义了Primitive的着色或渲染（Shading），包括GLSL（OpenGL着色语言，OpenGL Shading Language）顶点着色器和片元着色器（ vertex and fragment shaders），以及渲染状态（render state）。 粗略地说，几何实例定义了结构和位置，外观定义了视觉特征。 

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 Cesium开发高级篇 | 02材质设置 - 知乎

Cesium中的Material类的内部机制是通过一种json格式的Fabric对象来表达物体的外观特征，而这些外观特征是由漫反射(diffuse)、镜面反射(specular)、法向量(normal)、自发光(emission)以及透明度（alpha）组合（即一个Components）而成 。可通过两种方式去获取并设置几何对象材质：

• Material.fromType方法
• Fabric方法

// Create a color material with fromType: polygon.material = Cesium.Material.fromType('Color'); polygon.material.uniforms.color = new Cesium.Color(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0); ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Create the default material: polygon.material = new Cesium.Material(); // Create a color material with full Fabric notation: polygon.material = new Cesium.Material({ fabric : { type : 'Color', uniforms : { color : new Cesium.Color(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0) } } });

贴地官方案例 

 Cesium Sandcastle

 Cesium Sandcastle

 好文推荐：Cesium贴地设置_primitive贴地-CSDN博客

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scene.globe.depthTestAgainstTerrain = true;

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     True if primitives such as billboards, polylines, labels, etc. should be depth-tested against the terrain , or false if such primitives should always be drawn on top of terrain unless they're on the opposite side of the globe. The disadvantage of depth testing primitives against terrain is that slight numerical noise or terrain level-of-detail switched can sometimes make a primitive that should be on the  disappear underneath it.

    如果广告牌、折线、标签等primitive应该针对地形表面进行深度测试，则为True;如果这些原语应该总是绘制在地形顶部，除非它们位于地球的另一边，则为false。对地形进行深度测试的缺点是，轻微的数值噪声或地形细节水平的切换有时会使应该在表面上的primitive消失在它的下面。

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disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,

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  Gets or sets the distance from the camera at which to disable the depth test to, for example, prevent clipping against terrain. When set to zero, the depth test is always applied. When set to Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, the depth test is never applied.

  获取或设置与相机的距离，在该距离上要禁用深度测试，以防止对地形的剪切。当设置为零时，始终应用深度测试。当设置为Number时。POSITIVE_INFINITY，深度测试从未应用。

sampleHeight 

 * Returns the height of scene geometry at the given cartographic position or <code>undefined</code> if there was no
 * scene geometry to sample height from. The height of the input position is ignored. May be used to clamp objects to  the globe, 3D Tiles, or primitives in the scene.

 *
 * This function only samples height from globe tiles and 3D Tiles that are rendered in the current view. Samples heightfrom all other primitives regardless of their visibility.

*这个函数只从当前视图中渲染的全球贴图和3D Tiles中采样高度。从所有其他primitive中采

*样高度，不管它们的可见性如何。

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/**

 * @param {Cartographic} position The cartographic position to sample height from.
 * @param {Object[]} [objectsToExclude] A list of primitives, entities, or 3D Tiles features to not sample height from.[不被采样高度的]
 * @param {Number} [width=0.1] Width of the intersection volume in meters.
 * @returns {Number} The height. This may be <code>undefined</code> if there was no scene geometry to sample height from.

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 * @example
 * const position = new Cesium.Cartographic(-1.31968, 0.698874);
 * const height = viewer.scene.sampleHeight(position);
 * console.log(height);
 *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * @exception {DeveloperError} sampleHeight is only supported in 3D mode.
 * @exception {DeveloperError} sampleHeight requires depth texture support. Check sampleHeightSupported.
 */

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Scene.prototype.sampleHeight = function (position, objectsToExclude, width) {
  return this._picking.sampleHeight(this, position, objectsToExclude, width);
};

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clampToHeight

 * Clamps the given cartesian position to the scene geometry along the geodetic surface normal. Returns theclamped position or <code>undefined</code> if there was no scene geometry to clamp to. May be used to clamp objects to the globe, 3D Tiles, or primitives in the scene.
 * This function only clamps to globe tiles and 3D Tiles that are rendered in the current view. Clamps to all other primitives regardless of their visibility.
这个函数只固定在当前视图中呈现的globe tiles 和 3D Tiles上。

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@Example
 * // Clamp an entity to the underlying scene geometry
 * const position = entity.position.getValue(Cesium.JulianDate.now());
 * entity.position = viewer.scene.clampToHeight(position);

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Scene.prototype.clampToHeight = function (
  cartesian,
  objectsToExclude,
  width,
  result
) {
  return this._picking.clampToHeight(
    this,
    cartesian,
    objectsToExclude,
    width,
    result
  );
};

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sampleHeightMostDetailed 【Cesium基础】从3dtiles 采高度，已知根据经纬度点集-CSDN博客

 * Initiates an asynchronous  query for an array of positions using the maximum level of detail for 3D Tilesets in the scene. The height of the input positions is ignored.Returns a promise that is resolved when the query completes. Each point height is modified in place.

使用场景中3D Tilesets的最大细节级别启动对位置数组的异步查询。输入位置的高度被忽略。返回查询完成时解析的promise,每个点的高度都被就地修改。

If a height cannot be determined because no geometry can be sampled at that location, or another error occurs, the height is set to undefined.

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* @example
 * const positions = [
 *     new Cesium.Cartographic(-1.31968, 0.69887),
 *     new Cesium.Cartographic(-1.10489, 0.83923)
 * ];
 * const promise = viewer.scene.sampleHeightMostDetailed(positions);
 * promise.then(function(updatedPosition) {
 *     // positions[0].height and positions[1].height have been updated.
 *     // updatedPositions is just a reference to positions.
 * }

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Scene.prototype.sampleHeightMostDetailed = function (
  positions,
  objectsToExclude,
  width
) {
  return this._picking.sampleHeightMostDetailed(
    this,
    positions,
    objectsToExclude,
    width
  );
};

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clampToHeightMostDetailed

 * Initiates an asynchronous {@link Scene#clampToHeight} query for an array of {@link Cartesian3} positions using the maximum level of detail for 3D Tilesets in the scene. Returns a promise that is resolved whenthe query completes. Each position is modified in place. If a position cannot be clamped because no geometry can be sampled at that location, or another error occurs, the element in the array is set to undefined.

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* @example
 * const cartesians = [
 *     entities[0].position.getValue(Cesium.JulianDate.now()),
 *     entities[1].position.getValue(Cesium.JulianDate.now())
 * ];
 * const promise = viewer.scene.clampToHeightMostDetailed(cartesians);
 * promise.then(function(updatedCartesians) {
 *     entities[0].position = updatedCartesians[0];
 *     entities[1].position = updatedCartesians[1];
 * }

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Scene.prototype.clampToHeightMostDetailed = function (
  cartesians,
  objectsToExclude,
  width
) {
  return this._picking.clampToHeightMostDetailed(
    this,
    cartesians,
    objectsToExclude,
    width
  );
};

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HeightReference【entity贴地设置】

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GroupPrimitive【primitive贴地图元】

跟Entity[HeightReference]类似，Primitive也支持贴地或贴模型的特性，但不一样的是，Primitive是通过classificationType属性控制的。其中GroundPolylineGeometry、GroundPolylinePrimitive结合实现贴地线；

GroundPrimitive实现贴地几何形状，包括CircleGeometry、CorridorGeometry、EllipseGeometry、PolygonGeometry、RectangleGeometry；ClassificationPrimitive可实现贴地或贴模型，包括BoxGeometry、CylinderGeometry、EllipsoidGeometry、PolylineVolumeGeometry、SphereGeometry几何形状。

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GroupPrimitive表示场景中覆盖在Terrain或3DTiles上的几何体

•  Support for the WEBGL_depth_texture extension is required to use GeometryInstances with different PerInstanceColors or materials besides PerInstanceColorAppearance.

(支持WEBGL_depth_texture扩展需要使用不同的PerInstanceColors或PerInstanceColor Appearance 材料的GeometryInstances。)

• Textured GroundPrimitives were designed for notional patterns and are not meant for precisely mapping textures to terrain - for that use case, use  SingleTileImageryProvider

Textured GroundPrimitives是为空想模式设计的，并不是为了精确地将纹理映射到地形。对于这种情况，使用SingleTileImageryProvider。

• For correct rendering, this feature requires the EXT_frag_depth WebGL extension. For hardware that do not support this extension, there will be rendering artifacts for some viewing angles.

为了正确渲染，这个特性需要EXT_frag_depth WebGL扩展。对于不支持此扩展的硬件，将会有一些视角的渲染工件。

• Valid geometries are  CircleGeometry,  CorridorGeometry,  EllipseGeometry,  PolygonGeometry, and  RectangleGeometry.

常见方法 ：

Cesium.GroundPrimitive.initializeTerrainHeights() 

• Initializes the minimum and maximum terrain heights. This only needs to be called if you are creating the GroundPrimitive synchronously.
• Return:A promise that will resolve once the terrain heights have been loaded.

Cesium.GroundPrimitive.isSupported(scene)

Cesium.GroundPrimitive.supportsMaterials(scene)

• Checks if the given Scene supports materials on GroundPrimitives. Materials on GroundPrimitives require support for the WEBGL_depth_texture extension.
• Return:Checks if the given Scene supports materials on GroundPrimitives. Materials on GroundPrimitives require support for the WEBGL_depth_texture extension.

getGeometryInstanceAttributes(id)

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原创作者: u_15157190 转载于: https://blog.51cto.com/u_15157190/11679437