实验拓扑图
 
需求描述
1，添加三个FTP虚拟用户devadm、sales、saleadm
2，设置用户访问及文件权限控制：
开放匿名访问，任何用户可以从/var/ftp/soft/目录下载资料
用户devadm可以对/var/ftp/soft/目录进行管理
用户sales可以从/var/market/目录下载资料
用户saleadm可以对/var/market/目录进行管理
所有上传的文件，均去除非属主位的写（w）权限
对服务器中没有明确授权的其他目录，均禁止以上用户访问
3，下载、上传流量及带宽控制：
最多允许150个并发用户连接，每IP并发连接数不超过5个
匿名用户及sales用户的下载带宽限制为100KB/秒
devadm、saleadm用户的下载、上传带宽限制为500KB/秒
实现思路
注意虚拟FTP用户数据库的建立过程
通过配置项anon_max_rate限制传输速率
通过配置项anon_root设置匿名FTP用户的默认主目录
通过配置项local_root为个别虚拟用户设置主目录
实验步骤
一，FTP服务器配置
1，配置静态IP
[root@ftpserver ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=00:0c:29:c5:42:b1
IPADDR=192.168.1.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
[root@ftpserver ~]# service network restart
Shutting down interface eth0:  [  OK  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:  [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:  [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:  [  OK  ]
[root@ftpserver ~]# chkconfig network on
2，安装所需软件
[root@ftpserver ~]# rpm -q vsftpd
package vsftpd is not installed
[root@ftpserver ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@ftpserver ~]# rpm -ivh /media/Server/vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
warning: /media/Server/vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID
37017186
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:vsftpd                 ########################################### [100%]
[root@ftpserver ~]# rpm -ivh /media/Server/db4-utils-4.3.29-10.el5.i386.rpm    //建立数据库文件需要用到db_load命令工具
warning: /media/Server/db4-utils-4.3.29-10.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key
ID 37017186
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:db4-utils              ########################################### [100%]
3，建立虚拟用户数据库
[root@ftpserver ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vusers.list
devadm
123
sales
456
saleadm
789
[root@ftpserver ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
[root@ftpserver vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f vusers.list vusers.db  //在db_load 命令中，“  -f  ”选项用于指定用户名/密码列表文件，”-T“
选项允许非Berkeley DB的应用程序使用从文本格式转换的DB数据文件，“ -t hash ”选项指定读取数据文件的基本方法。
[root@ftpserver vsftpd]# file vusers.db
vusers.db: Berkeley DB (Hash, version 8, native byte-order)
[root@ftpserver vsftpd]# chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/vusers.*   //降低文件权限以提高安全性
4，建立映射用户及FTP目录
[root@ftpserver ~]# mkdir /var/ftp/soft
[root@ftpserver ~]# cat /etc/*.conf > /var/ftp/soft/test.list
[root@ftpserver ~]# cat /etc/* > /var/ftp/soft/etc.file
[root@ftpserver ~]# chown ftp /var/ftp/soft/
[root@ftpserver ~]# chmod o+w /var/ftp/soft/
[root@ftpserver ~]# ls -ld /var/ftp/soft/
drwxr-xrwx 2 ftp root 4096 01-16 23:25 /var/ftp/soft
[root@ftpserver ~]# useradd -d /var/market/ -s /sbin/nologin virtual
[root@ftpserver ~]# chmod 755 /var/market/fangan.file
[root@ftpserver ~]# ls -ld /var/market/
drwxrwxr-x 3 virtual virtual 4096 01-16 23:39 /var/market/
[root@ftpserver ~]# ls -lh /boot/ >/var/market
5，设置用于虚拟用户的PAM文件
[root@ftpserver vsftpd]# cat /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu
auth      required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vusers
account   required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vusers
6，修改vsftpd.conf配置文件，添加虚拟用户支持及其他的要求
[root@ftpserver ~]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=YES                           //允许匿名用户访问
local_enable=YES                                       //使用虚拟用户需要启用本地用户
write_enable=YES
anon_root=/var/ftp/soft                           //设置匿名用户的FTP根目录
chroot_local_user=YES                              //将用户禁锢于其宿主目录中
anon_umask=022                                       //设置虚拟用户所上传的默认权限掩码
guest_enable=YES                                     //启用用户映射功能
guest_username=virtual                           //将映射用户指定为virtual
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
xferlog_std_format=YES
listen=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd.vu                 //修改使用的PAM文件位置
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vusers_dir   //指定用户配置目录位置
max_clients=150
max_per_ip=5
anon_max_rate=102400
7，为各虚拟用户建立单独的配置文件，分别赋予权限
[root@ftpserver ~]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/vusers_dir
[root@ftpserver ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/vusers_dir/
[root@ftpserver vusers_dir]# vim devadm
local_root=/var/ftp/soft                    //指定其宿主目录
anon_upload_enable=YES                //上传文件
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES       //创建目录
anon_other_write_enable=YES       //删除文件目录
anon_max_rate=512000                  //上传，下载最大带宽
[root@ftpserver vusers_dir]# vim  saleadm
anon_upload_enable=YES               //上传文件
 anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES     //创建目录
 anon_other_write_enable=YES     //删除文件目录
anon_max_rate=512000                  //上传，下载最大带宽
[root@ftpserver vusers_dir]# touch sales      //为sales用户建立空配置文件（无额外权限设置）
8,重新启动vsftpd服务
[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd restart
[root@ftp ~]# chkconfig vsftpd on
二，客户端验证
匿名用户测试
[root@tao ~]# ftp 192.168.1.10
Connected to 192.168.1.10.
220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type
Name (192.168.1.10:root): ftp
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> pwd  
257 "/"    
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,183,58)
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0          108363 Jan 16 17:12 test.list
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> get test.list
local: test.list remote: test.list
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,122,108)
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for test.list (108363 bytes).
226 File send OK.
108363 bytes received in 0.43 seconds (2.4e+02 Kbytes/s)
用wget命令可以测试下载速度
 
devadm虚拟用户测试
[root@tao ~]# ftp 192.168.1.10
Connected to 192.168.1.10.
220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type
Name (192.168.1.10:root): devadm
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> pwd
257 "/"
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,46,28)
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0          108363 Jan 16 17:12 test.list
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> put install.log                            //上传文件
local: install.log remote: install.log
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,78,163)
150 Ok to send data.
226 File receive OK.
26383 bytes sent in 0.0039 seconds (6.6e+03 Kbytes/s)
ftp> mkdir aaa                                    //创建目录
257 "/aaa" created
ftp> mkdir bbb                                   //创建目录
257 "/bbb" created
ftp> rmdir aaa                                     //删除目录
250 Remove directory operation successful.
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,48,7)
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxr-xr-x    2 501      501          4096 Jan 16 18:43 bbb
-rw-r--r--    1 501      501         26383 Jan 16 18:42 install.log
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0          108363 Jan 16 17:12 test.list
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> get test.list
local: test.list remote: test.list
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,158,196)
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for test.list (108363 bytes).
226 File send OK.
108363 bytes received in 0.1 seconds (1.1e+03 Kbytes/s)
用wget命令可以测试下载速度
 
sales虚拟用户测试
[root@tao ~]# ftp 192.168.1.10
Connected to 192.168.1.10.
220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type
Name (192.168.1.10:root): sales
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,103,148)
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0             427 Jan 16 15:41 fangan.file
-rw-r--r--    1 501      501         26383 Jan 16 17:17 install.log
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> pwd 
257 "/"
ftp> put aa.txt
local: aa.txt remote: aa.txt
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,222,26)
550 Permission denied.      上传拒绝
ftp> get fangan.file
local: fangan.file remote: fangan.file
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,113,187)
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for fangan.file (427 bytes).
226 File send OK.
427 bytes received in 0.00019 seconds (2.2e+03 Kbytes/s)
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye.
saleadm虚拟用户测试
[root@tao ~]# ls
aa.txt           Desktop       fangan.file        install.log         test.list    yp.conf
anaconda-ks.cfg  etcconf.list  ftpconfig.tar.bz2  install.log.syslog  vutest.list  yum.conf
[root@tao ~]# ftp 192.168.1.10
Connected to 192.168.1.10.
220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type
Name (192.168.1.10:root): saleadm
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> pwd
257 "/"
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,184,75)
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0             427 Jan 16 15:41 fangan.file
-rw-r--r--    1 501      501         26383 Jan 16 17:17 install.log
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> put aa.txt                      //上传文件
local: aa.txt remote: aa.txt
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,123,252)
150 Ok to send data.
226 File receive OK.
ftp> mkdir saleadm             //创建目录
257 "/saleadm" created
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,62,152)
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r--r--    1 501      501             0 Jan 16 18:53 aa.txt
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0             427 Jan 16 15:41 fangan.file
-rw-r--r--    1 501      501         26383 Jan 16 17:17 install.log
drwxr-xr-x    2 501      501          4096 Jan 16 18:54 saleadm
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> delete install.log         //删除文件
250 Delete operation successful.
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,10,211,68)
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r--r--    1 501      501             0 Jan 16 18:53 aa.txt
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0             427 Jan 16 15:41 fangan.file
drwxr-xr-x    2 501      501          4096 Jan 16 18:54 saleadm
226 Directory send OK.