微服务专题：服务注册与发现之二Consul注册服务

服务注册方式

Consul注册服务的方式有两种：
1.配置文件
2.API接口

当然作为微服务的注册中心，添加配置文件后，可以reload配置，不需要停机。

查询服务

查询已经注册的服务有三种方式:

1. API查询
2. 命令行查询
3. DNS查询

例子

下面通过例子，演示相关操作。

定义服务

我们通过配置文件注册一个服务。
按照约定，把配置文件放在/etc/consul.d中。

root@598361668db6:/data# mkdir /etc/consul.d
root@598361668db6:/etc/consul.d# echo '{"service":{"name":"student","tags":["student"],"port":80}}'>/etc/consul.d/student.json
root@598361668db6:/data# nohup ./consul agent -dev -client 0.0.0.0 -config-dir=/etc/consul.d >consul.log &

我们看到配置文件是JSON格式的。并且我们定义了名为student的服务，同时给服务添加了一个标签也叫student，端口为80。
为了方便快速阅读，JSON文件完整的格式参照文章结尾处。

查询服务

界面查看

API查询

root@598361668db6:/data# curl http://localhost:8500/v1/catalog/service/student
[
    {
        "ID": "eece8f25-51f9-a62d-ca02-7dacf641716e",
        "Node": "598361668db6",
        "Address": "127.0.0.1",
        "Datacenter": "dc1",
        "TaggedAddresses": {
            "lan": "127.0.0.1",
            "wan": "127.0.0.1"
        },
        "NodeMeta": {
            "consul-network-segment": ""
        },
        "ServiceID": "student",
        "ServiceName": "student",
        "ServiceTags": [
            "student"
        ],
        "ServiceAddress": "",
        "ServicePort": 80,
        "ServiceEnableTagOverride": false,
        "CreateIndex": 6,
        "ModifyIndex": 6
    }
]

API查询可用服务

root@598361668db6:/data# curl 'http://localhost:8500/v1/health/service/student?passing'
[
    {
        "Node": {
            "ID": "eece8f25-51f9-a62d-ca02-7dacf641716e",
            "Node": "598361668db6",
            "Address": "127.0.0.1",
            "Datacenter": "dc1",
            "TaggedAddresses": {
                "lan": "127.0.0.1",
                "wan": "127.0.0.1"
            },
            "Meta": {
                "consul-network-segment": ""
            },
            "CreateIndex": 5,
            "ModifyIndex": 6
        },
        "Service": {
            "ID": "student",
            "Service": "student",
            "Tags": [
                "student"
            ],
            "Address": "",
            "Port": 80,
            "EnableTagOverride": false,
            "CreateIndex": 6,
            "ModifyIndex": 6
        },
        "Checks": [
            {
                "Node": "598361668db6",
                "CheckID": "serfHealth",
                "Name": "Serf Health Status",
                "Status": "passing",
                "Notes": "",
                "Output": "Agent alive and reachable",
                "ServiceID": "",
                "ServiceName": "",
                "ServiceTags": [],
                "Definition": {},
                "CreateIndex": 5,
                "ModifyIndex": 5
            }
        ]
    }
]

DNS查询

consul会在DNS中为每个服务添加一条A记录，名称为serviceName.service.consul。如果服务有标签还会添加一个tag.serviceName.service.consul的记录。

root@598361668db6:/data# dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 student.service.consul

; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 student.service.consul
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52319
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;student.service.consul.        IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
student.service.consul. 0   IN  A   127.0.0.1

;; Query time: 2 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#8600(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Dec 20 12:15:42 UTC 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 67

root@598361668db6:/data# dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 student.student.service.consul

; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 student.student.service.consul
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 32043
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;student.student.service.consul.    IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
student.student.service.consul. 0 IN    A   127.0.0.1

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#8600(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Dec 20 12:15:52 UTC 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 75

不用停机动态更新服务

root@598361668db6:/data# ./consul reload
Configuration reload triggered

附录

JSON文件完整格式

{
  "service": {
        "id": "red0",
    "name": "redis",
    "tags": ["primary"],
    "address": "",
    "port": 8000,
    "enable_tag_override": false,
    "checks": [
      {
        "script": "/usr/local/bin/check_redis.py",
        "interval": "10s"
      }
    ]
  }
}

含义：

名称	类型	含义
id	String	服务的唯一标识
name	String	名称
tags	String数组	标签
address	String	地址，ip或hostname
port	int	端口号
enable_tag_override	bool	标签是否允许覆盖
checks	数组	检测服务是否可用

关于ckecks会在下文中具体介绍。

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/4436396/2052822