我本人不是专业的控件开发人员,只是在平常的工作中,需要自己开发一些控件。在自己开发WinForm控件的时候,没有太多可以借鉴的资料,只能盯着MSDN使劲看,还好总算有些收获。现在我会把这些经验陆陆续续的总结出来,写成一系列方章,希望对看到的朋友有所帮助。今天我来开个头。
其实开发WinForm控件并不是很复杂,.NET为我们提供了丰富的底层支持。如果你有MFC或者API图形界面的开发经验,那么学会WinForm控件可能只需要很短的时间就够了。
自己开发的WinForm控件通常有三种类型:复合控件(Composite Controls),扩展控件(Extended Controls),自定义控件(Custom Controls)。
复合控件:将现有的各种控件组合起来,形成一个新的控件,将集中控件的功能集中起来。
扩展控件:在现有控件的控件的基础上派生出一个新的控件,为原有控件增加新的功能或者修改原有控件的控能。
自定义控件:直接从System.Windows.Forms.Control类派生出来。Control类提供控件所需要的所有基本功能,包括键盘和鼠标的事件处理。自定义控件是最灵活最强大的方法,但是对开发者的要求也比较高,你必须为Control类的OnPaint事件写代码,你也可以重写Control类的WndProc方法,处理更底层的Windows消息,所以你应该了解GDI+和Windows API。
本系列文章主要介绍自定义控件的开发方法。
控件(可视化的)的基本特征:
1. 可视化。
2. 可以与用户进行交互,比如通过键盘和鼠标。
3. 暴露出一组属性和方法供开发人员使用。
4. 暴露出一组事件供开发人员使用。
5. 控件属性的可持久化。
6. 可发布和可重用。
这些特征是我自己总结出来,不一定准确,或者还有遗漏,但是基本上概括了控件的主要方面。
接下来我们做一个简单的控件来增强一下感性认识。首先启动VS2005创建一个ClassLibrary工程,命名为CustomControlSample,VS会自动为我们创建一个solution与这个工程同名,然后删掉自动生成的Class1.cs文件,最后在Solution explorer里右键点击CustomControlSample工程选择Add->Classes…添加一个新类,将文件的名称命名为FirstControl。下边是代码:
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晚了,今天写到这里,下一篇文章介绍怎样使用我们写好的控件。