在日常的web网站部署中,经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一个配置需要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass时,当在后面的url加上了/,相当于是绝对根路径,则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/,则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走(这样配置在Nginx反向代理+负载均衡简单实现(http方式)也提到过)。
下面举个小实例说明下:
centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的,所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库
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1)使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库,安装Nginx的库
[root@localhost ~]
# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
2)使用下面命令安装nginx
[root@localhost ~]
# yum install nginx
3)nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]
# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of
test
!!!!
4)启动Nginx
[root@localhost ~]
# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service
5)测试访问(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip)
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of
test
!!!!
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--------------------------看看下面几种情况:分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试-----------------
为了方便测试,先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx,配置如下:
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[root@bastion-IDC ~]
# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~]
# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~]
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试访问(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip):
[root@bastion-IDC ~]
# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5
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192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器,nginx配置如下:
1)第一种情况:
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy/
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
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这样,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面
注意,终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即后面不带"/"),则会访问失败!因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
<
head
><title>301 Moved Permanently<
/title
><
/head
>
<body bgcolor=
"white"
>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently<
/h1
><
/center
>
<hr><center>nginx
/1
.10.3<
/center
>
<
/body
>
<
/html
>
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页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候,会自动加上"/”(同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"),并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果
2)第二种情况,proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy/
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
那么访问http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy
或http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/
,都会失败!
这样配置后,访问http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/
就会被反向代理到http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/proxy/
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3)第三种情况
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy/
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/haha/
;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5 haha-index.html
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这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy/
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/haha
;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
上面配置后,访问http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/index
.html就会被代理到http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/hahaindex
.html
同理,访问http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/test
.html就会被代理到http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/hahatest
.html
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
注意,这种情况下,不能直接访问http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/
,后面就算是默认的index.html文件也要跟上,否则访问失败!
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面四种方式都是匹配的path路径后面加"/",下面说下path路径后面不带"/"的情况:
1)第一种情况,proxy_pass后面url带"/":
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
|
2)第二种情况,proxy_pass后面url不带"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]
#
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这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3)第三种情况
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/haha/
;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
|
这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/haha
;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
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这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三种结果一样,同样被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/