proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后面加不加/的说明

在日常的web网站部署中,经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一个配置需要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass时,当在后面的url加上了/,相当于是绝对根路径,则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/,则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走(这样配置在Nginx反向代理+负载均衡简单实现(http方式)也提到过)。
下面举个小实例说明下:
centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的,所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库

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1)使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库,安装Nginx的库
[root@localhost ~] # rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
  
2)使用下面命令安装nginx
[root@localhost ~] # yum install nginx
  
3)nginx配置
[root@localhost ~] # cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
}
 
[root@localhost conf.d] # cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of  test !!!!
  
4)启动Nginx
[root@localhost ~] # service nginx start     //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service
  
5)测试访问(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip)
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of  test !!!!

--------------------------看看下面几种情况:分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试-----------------

为了方便测试,先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx,配置如下:

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[root@bastion-IDC ~] # cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~] # cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~] # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
 
测试访问(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip):
[root@bastion-IDC ~] # curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5

192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器,nginx配置如下:
1)第一种情况:

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
 
location   /proxy/  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090/;
}
}

这样,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面
注意,终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即后面不带"/"),则会访问失败!因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"

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[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
< head ><title>301 Moved Permanently< /title >< /head >
<body bgcolor= "white" >
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently< /h1 >< /center >
<hr><center>nginx /1 .10.3< /center >
< /body >
< /html >

页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候,会自动加上"/”(同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"),并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果

2)第二种情况,proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
 
location   /proxy/  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service
 
那么访问http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy 或http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/ ,都会失败!
这样配置后,访问http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/ 就会被反向代理到http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /proxy/

3)第三种情况

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
 
location   /proxy/  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha/ ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5  haha-index.html

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
 
location   /proxy/  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5   hahaindex.html
 
上面配置后,访问http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/index .html就会被代理到http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /hahaindex .html
同理,访问http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/test .html就会被代理到http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /hahatest .html
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5   hahaindex.html
 
注意,这种情况下,不能直接访问http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/ ,后面就算是默认的index.html文件也要跟上,否则访问失败!

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面四种方式都是匹配的path路径后面加"/",下面说下path路径后面不带"/"的情况:

1)第一种情况,proxy_pass后面url带"/":

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
  
location   /proxy  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service

2)第二种情况,proxy_pass后面url不带"/"

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
  
location   /proxy  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d] #

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

3)第三种情况

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
  
location   /proxy  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha/ ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
  
location   /proxy  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三种结果一样,同样被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

***************当你发现自己的才华撑不起野心时,就请安静下来学习吧***************

本文转自散尽浮华博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6566119.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者
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