家用电脑多系统引导

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-06 09:45:16 发布

weixin_33950035

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-06 09:45:16 发布

阅读量139

点赞数

文章标签：运维操作系统 python

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/mengyoufengyu/blog/914013

版权

2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

**【背景】 **
　　上篇说道在自己电脑上安装了多个操作系统，现在说说多系统引导的问题。要想将多个操作系统进行引导，单靠系统原装的引导，可能存在问题，例如不识别windows，界面不好。
　　上次预留了两个分区：S0_SYS_BOOT，第一个主分区，用作放置启动多重系统的grub2。S0_SYS_OTHER，第二个主分区，用作放置启动多重系统的一些常用镜像。

【软件准备】
1、GRUB2，官网地址：http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grub/
2、GRUB2Win，下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/grub2win/files/?source=navbar
3、可在window上运行的GRUB2（grub-2.02-beta2-for-windows.zip）下载地址：ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/，
4、本站对应的资源位置：grub-2.02-beta2.tar和grub-2.02-beta2-for-windows.zip

【grub2 for windows 使用】
1、下载grub-2.02-beta2-for-windows.zip并解压
2、进入解压后的目录，使用管理员权限打开命令行
（1）win7可以使用快捷方式：在资源管理器的右边空白处，shfit+鼠标右键，选择“在此处打开命令行窗口”
（2）点击“开始按钮”或win键，然后在“搜索程序和文件”输入框中输入cmd，然后右击cmd.exe，选择“以管理员身份运行”
3、进入解压后的目录
4、找到磁盘序号
（1）执行wmic diskdrive list brief，根据列出的结果根据磁盘型号和容量看看需要安装引导的磁盘序号DeviceID，我的是\.\PHYSICALDRIVE3

F:\tools\grub2\grub24win>wmic diskdrive  list brief

（2）在计算机图标上右击，选择“管理”，在窗口中选择“磁盘管理”，在中部的下部，有磁盘0，磁盘1，磁盘2，磁盘3，数字就是序号，从0开始。
5、找到需要安装引导的分区，记下盘符。
6、安装引导

grub-install --force --debug  --target=i386-pc --root-directory=F:\boot\grub2win --boot-directory=F:\boot\grub2win //./physicaldrive3
```         
说明：F是上面的分区盘符，3是磁盘序号  
F:\tools\grub2\grub24win>
grub-install --force --debug  --target=i386-pc --root-directory=F:\boot\grub2win --boot-directory=F:\boot\grub2win //./physicaldrive3  
7、修改gurb.cfg或将已将存在的grub拷入  
  
**【grub2 linux上使用】**    
类似windows，命令如下：

grub-install --force --debug --root-directory=/mnt/S0_SYS_BOOT/boot/grub2win --boot-directory=/boot/grub2win /dev/sda
update-grub
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

  
**【本人的grub2.cfg】  **
可供参考：开头部分是自己编写的，中间部分是centos7安装后生成的，最后部分是添加的引导windows的部分  

- 自己编写的部分

#必须为dos utf8的格式 search --no-floppy --set=root -l 'S0_SYS_BOOT' #uefi平台 insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga #bios平台 insmod vbe

insmod font if loadfont /boot/grub2win/grub/fonts/unicode.pf2 then insmod gfxterm set gfxmode=auto set gfxpayload=keep terminal_output gfxterm set locale_dir=/boot/grub2win/grub/locale set lang=zh_CN insmod gettext insmod vga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi

#这二行是支持jpeg和png图片格式 insmod jpeg insmod png if background_image /boot/grub2win/grub/myfiles/myback01_1600x900.jpeg; then true else set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue set menu_color_highlight=white/blue fi

     
- 下面是自动生成的部分

BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux

menuentry 'CentOS Linux7 正常启动(at msdos9)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-f8df9c55-491d-4557-8b3b-1ea1b35e2b40' { load_video set gfxpayload=keep insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos9 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos9 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos9 --hint='hd0,msdos9' f8df9c55-491d-4557-8b3b-1ea1b35e2b40 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f8df9c55-491d-4557-8b3b-1ea1b35e2b40 fi linux16 /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=f8df9c55-491d-4557-8b3b-1ea1b35e2b40 ro vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb quiet LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 initrd16 /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img } menuentry 'CentOS Linux 恢复模式(at msdos9)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-cce08ea08e0a4e11bbd19f9245e9e4cf-advanced-f8df9c55-491d-4557-8b3b-1ea1b35e2b40' { load_video insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos9 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos9 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos9 --hint='hd0,msdos9' f8df9c55-491d-4557-8b3b-1ea1b35e2b40 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f8df9c55-491d-4557-8b3b-1ea1b35e2b40 fi linux16 /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-cce08ea08e0a4e11bbd19f9245e9e4cf root=UUID=f8df9c55-491d-4557-8b3b-1ea1b35e2b40 ro vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb quiet initrd16 /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-cce08ea08e0a4e11bbd19f9245e9e4cf.img } if [ "x$default" = 'CentOS Linux7 正常启动(at msdos9)' ]; then default='Advanced options for CentOS Linux>CentOS Linux, with Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64'; fi;

END /etc/grub.d/10_linux

BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen

END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen

BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo

END /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo

BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

menuentry 'Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (14.04) (on /dev/sde12)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos12' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos12 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos12 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos12 --hint='hd0,msdos12' 12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } submenu 'Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (14.04)定制启动 (on /dev/sde12)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0' { menuentry 'Ubuntu Kylin GNU/Linux (on /dev/sde12)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic--12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos12' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos12 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos12 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos12 --hint='hd0,msdos12' 12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu Kylin GNU/Linux，Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (on /dev/sde12)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic--12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos12' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos12 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos12 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos12 --hint='hd0,msdos12' 12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu Kylin GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sde12)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic--12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos12' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos12 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos12 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos12 --hint='hd0,msdos12' 12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=12856a33-9592-4f55-b33f-671e1fc7ebe0 ro recovery nomodeset initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } }

menuentry 'openSUSE 13.1 (x86_64) (on /dev/sde13)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos13' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos13 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos13 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos13 --hint='hd0,msdos13' 52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop root=UUID=52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 nomodeset resume=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST9500325AS_6VEGSVSX-part8 splash=silent quiet showopts initrd /boot/initrd-3.11.6-4-desktop } submenu 'Advanced options for openSUSE 13.1 (x86_64) (on /dev/sde13)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8' { menuentry 'openSUSE 13.1 (on /dev/sde13)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop--52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos13' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos13 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos13 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos13 --hint='hd0,msdos13' 52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop root=UUID=52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 nomodeset resume=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST9500325AS_6VEGSVSX-part8 splash=silent quiet showopts initrd /boot/initrd-3.11.6-4-desktop } menuentry 'openSUSE 13.1，Linux 3.11.6-4-desktop (on /dev/sde13)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop--52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos13' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos13 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos13 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos13 --hint='hd0,msdos13' 52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop root=UUID=52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 nomodeset resume=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST9500325AS_6VEGSVSX-part8 splash=silent quiet showopts initrd /boot/initrd-3.11.6-4-desktop } menuentry 'openSUSE 13.1，Linux 3.11.6-4-desktop (恢复模式) (on /dev/sde13)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop--52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos13' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos13 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos13 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos13 --hint='hd0,msdos13' 52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop root=UUID=52563986-aa7f-4ee5-8050-9c3245b9cba8 showopts apm=off noresume edd=off powersaved=off nohz=off highres=off processor.max_cstate=1 nomodeset x11failsafe initrd /boot/initrd-3.11.6-4-desktop } }

menuentry 'SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 (x86_64) (on /dev/sde14)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos14' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos14 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos14 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos14 --hint='hd0,msdos14' c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.12.28-4-default root=UUID=c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 quiet locale=zh_CN.UTF-8 resume=/dev/sde8 splash=silent quiet crashkernel=222M-:111M showopts initrd /boot/initrd-3.12.28-4-default } submenu 'Advanced options for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 (x86_64) (on /dev/sde14)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84' { menuentry 'SLES12 (on /dev/sde14)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.12.28-4-default--c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos14' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos14 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos14 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos14 --hint='hd0,msdos14' c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.12.28-4-default root=UUID=c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 quiet locale=zh_CN.UTF-8 resume=/dev/sde8 splash=silent quiet crashkernel=222M-:111M showopts initrd /boot/initrd-3.12.28-4-default } menuentry 'SLES12，Linux 3.12.28-4-default (on /dev/sde14)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.12.28-4-default--c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos14' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos14 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos14 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos14 --hint='hd0,msdos14' c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.12.28-4-default root=UUID=c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 quiet locale=zh_CN.UTF-8 resume=/dev/sde8 splash=silent quiet crashkernel=222M-:111M showopts initrd /boot/initrd-3.12.28-4-default } menuentry 'SLES12，Linux 3.12.28-4-default (恢复模式) (on /dev/sde14)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.12.28-4-default--c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos14' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos14 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos14 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos14 --hint='hd0,msdos14' c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.12.28-4-default root=UUID=c03f26c1-aa9f-4b64-9bc2-b285867a6a84 showopts apm=off noresume edd=off powersaved=off nohz=off highres=off processor.max_cstate=1 nomodeset x11failsafe crashkernel=222M-:111M initrd /boot/initrd-3.12.28-4-default } }

menuentry 'CentOS Linux 7 LiveCD(on /dev/sde15)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos15' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos15 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos15 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos15 --hint='hd0,msdos15' 6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-81d73f5f94cd4812880976a7d5c1368c root=/dev/sde15 initrd /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-81d73f5f94cd4812880976a7d5c1368c.img } submenu 'CentOS Linux 7 LiveCD 高级模式 (on /dev/sde15)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f' { menuentry 'CentOS Linux release 7 LiveCD (on /dev/sde15)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-81d73f5f94cd4812880976a7d5c1368c--6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos15' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos15 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos15 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos15 --hint='hd0,msdos15' 6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-81d73f5f94cd4812880976a7d5c1368c root=/dev/sde15 initrd /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-81d73f5f94cd4812880976a7d5c1368c.img } menuentry 'CentOS Linux release 7 LiveCD(on /dev/sde15)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64--6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f' { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos15' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos15 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos15 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos15 --hint='hd0,msdos15' 6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6edb5442-c11d-4046-8e2a-483878dd1a0f fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/sde15 LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 initrd /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img } }

END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom

This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the

menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change

the 'exec tail' line above.

END /etc/grub.d/40_custom

BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom

if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi