java io线程,在java中执行IO操作的最佳线程数是多少？

In Goetz's "Java Concurrency in Practice", in a footnote on page 101, he writes "For computational problems like this that do not I/O and access no shared data, Ncpu or Ncpu+1 threads yield optimal throughput; more threads do not help, and may in fact degrade performance..."

My question is, when performing I/O operations such as file writing, file reading, file deleting, etc, are there guidelines for the number of threads to use to achieve maximum performance? I understand this will be just a guide number, since disk speeds and a host of other factors play into this.

Still, I'm wondering: can 20 threads write 1000 separate files to disk faster than 4 threads can on a 4-cpu machine?

解决方案

In practice, I/O-bound applications can still benefit substantially from multithreading because it can be much faster to read or write a few files in parallel than sequentially. This is particularly the case where overall throughput is compromised by network latency. But it's also the case that one thread can be processing the last thing that it read while another thread is busy reading, allowing higher CPU utilization.

We can talk theory all day, but the right answer is to make the number of threads configurable. I think you'll find that increasing it past 1 will boost your speed, but there will also come a point of diminishing returns.