一、CBV模式和FBV模式
FBV模式(function base views):就是在视图里使用函数处理请求
CBV模式(class base views) 就是在视图里使用类处理请求
CBV模式的优点主要下面两种:
提高了代码的复用性,可以使用面向对象的技术,比如Mixin(多继承)
可以用不同的函数针对不同的HTTP方法处理,而不是通过很多if判断,提高代码可读性
urls.py文件:
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^login/', views.LoginView.as_view()), # view()===self.dispatch()===self.get()
]
views.py文件:
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.views import View
class LoginView(View):
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
ret=super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) #super():python3中继承父类的方法,否则会覆盖父类的方法
return ret
def get(self,request):
return render(request, "login.html")
def post(self,request):
user=request.POST.get("user")
return HttpResponse(user)
#视图类定义各种方法,代替了在视图函数的if请求方式判断,
# 如果没有自定义dispatch方法,就执行父类的dispatch方法,然后执行对应的get或post方法,
#如果有自定义dispatch方法,就执行自定义的dispatch方法,但是自定义的dispatch方法必须继承父类的方法
二、ModelForm
ModelForm用起来是非常方便的,比如增加修改之类的操作。但是也带来额外不好的地方,model和form之间耦合了。如果不耦合的话,mf.save()方法也无法直接提交保存。 但是耦合的话使用场景通常局限用于小程序,写大程序就最好不用了。
1、创建modelform
from django.forms import ModelForm
#在视图函数中,定义一个类,比如就叫StudentList,这个类要继承ModelForm,在这个类中再写一个原类Meta(规定写法,并注意首字母是大写的)
#在这个原类中,有以下属性(部分):
class StudentList(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model =Student #对应的Model中的类
fields = "__all__" #字段,如果是__all__,就是表示列出所有的字段
exclude = None #排除的字段
#error_messages用法:
error_messages = {
'name':{'required':"用户名不能为空",},
'age':{'required':"年龄不能为空",},
}
#widgets用法,比如把输入用户名的input框给为Textarea
#首先得导入模块
from django.forms import widgets as wid #因为重名,所以起个别名
widgets = {
"name":wid.Textarea(attrs={"class":"c1"}) #还可以自定义属性
}
#labels,自定义在前端显示的名字
labels= {
"name":"用户名"
}
2、视图函数
views.py文件:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from django.forms import ModelForm
from app01 import models
def test(request):
# model_form = models.Student
model_form = models.Student.objects.all()
return render(request,'test.html',{'model_form':model_form})
class StudentList(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.Student #对应的Model中的类
fields = "__all__" #字段,如果是__all__,就是表示列出所有的字段
exclude = None #排除的字段
labels = None #提示信息
help_texts = None #帮助提示信息
widgets = None #自定义插件
error_messages = None #自定义错误信息
#error_messages用法:
error_messages = {
'name':{'required':"用户名不能为空",},
'age':{'required':"年龄不能为空",},
}
#widgets用法,比如把输入用户名的input框给为Textarea
#首先得导入模块
from django.forms import widgets as wid #因为重名,所以起个别名
widgets = {
"name":wid.Textarea
}
#labels,自定义在前端显示的名字
labels= {
"name":"用户名"
}
def student(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
student_list = StudentList()
return render(request,'student.html',{'student_list':student_list})
else:
student_list = StudentList(request.POST)
if student_list.is_valid():
student_list.save()
return render(request,'student.html',{'student_list':student_list})
def student_edit(request,pk):
obj = models.Student.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
if not obj:
return redirect('test')
if request.method == "GET":
student_list = StudentList(instance=obj)
return render(request,'student_edit.html',{'student_list':student_list})
else:
student_list = StudentList(request.POST,instance=obj)
if student_list.is_valid():
student_list.save()
return render(request,'student_edit.html',{'student_list':student_list})
3、student.html页面
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>student</h1>
<form method="POST" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{# {{ student_list.as_p }}#} {#可以用as_p显示全部#}
{% for student in student_list %}
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
{# 拿到数据字段的verbose_name,没有就默认显示字段名 #}
<label class="col-md-3 control-label">{{ student.label }}</label>
<div class="col-md-9" style="position: relative;">{{ student }}</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-10">
<input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn-primary">
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
现在还缺一个input框的form-contral样式,可以考虑在后台的widget里面添加
比如这样:
from django.forms import widgets as wid #因为重名,所以起个别名
widgets = {
"name":wid.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),
"age":wid.NumberInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),
"email":wid.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'})
}
4、基于form组件和model form组件的对比
models.py文件:
from django.db import models
class Author(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name=models.CharField( max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField()
authorDetail=models.OneToOneField(to="AuthorDetail",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
birthday=models.DateField()
telephone=models.BigIntegerField()
addr=models.CharField( max_length=64)
class Publish(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name=models.CharField( max_length=32)
city=models.CharField( max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Book(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField( max_length=32)
publishDate=models.DateField()
price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',) # 与Author表建立多对多的关系,ManyToManyField可以建在两个模型中的任意一个,自动创建第三张表
#执行下面python语句生成相关表(数据迁移)
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
urls.py文件:
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^add_book/', views.AddBookView.as_view()),
url(r'^edit_book/(\d+)', views.EditBookView.as_view()),
]
views.py文件:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views import View
from django import forms
from .models import Publish,Author,Book
#########################################################之前学习的基于form组件#########################################################
class BookForm(forms.Form):
title=forms.CharField()
price=forms.DecimalField()
publishDate=forms.DateField()
#state=forms.ChoiceField(choices=[(1,"已出版"),(2,"未出版")])
publish=forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Publish.objects.all())
authors=forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Author.objects.all())
#########################################################基于model form组件#########################################################
from django.forms import ModelForm
class BookModelForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model=Book ##对应的Model中的Book类
fields="__all__"
class AddBookView(View):
def get(self,request):
form=BookModelForm()
return render(request,"addbook.html",locals())
def post(self,request):
form=BookModelForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
# print("cleaned_data:",form.cleaned_data)
# form.cleaned_data.pop("authors")
# Book.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data) #基于form实现的添加记录
form.save() #基于model form,会自动添加记录
return HttpResponse("OK")
else:
print(form.cleaned_data)
print(form.errors)
return HttpResponse("OK")
class EditBookView(View):
def get(self,request,id):
edit_book=Book.objects.get(pk=id)
form = BookModelForm(instance=edit_book) #编辑的时候需要一个instance,让instance=一个你要编辑的那个对象
return render(request,"editbook.html",locals())
def post(self,request,id):
edit_book = Book.objects.get(pk=id)
form=BookModelForm(request.POST,instance=edit_book)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponse("OK")
else:
print(form.cleaned_data)
print(form.errors)
return HttpResponse("OK")
html页面:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" novalidate method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/qidian510/2124515