一. web.xml
1. maven默认生成的web.xml需要做一些修改:
改成如下所示:
使用2.4及以上的标准即可默认支持el表达式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
2. 在快速构建springmvc项目中(参考上一篇博客)并没有使用到spring的ioc容器,而这在实际开发中基本是不太可能的,为此,我们需要在web.xml中加入对spring的声明
<!-- Spring应用上下文, 理解层次化的ApplicationContext -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
3. springmvc上下文的层级
可以有多个DispatcherServlet,通过不同的DispatcherServlet来做不同的分发,可以更好的服务不同类型的请求。
比如以下的业务场景:
因此,<servlet-mapping>的<url-pattern>可以做如下修改以提供响应:
web.xml源文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>Spring MVC Study</display-name>
<!-- Spring应用上下文, 理解层次化的ApplicationContext -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- DispatcherServlet, Spring MVC的核心 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- DispatcherServlet对应的上下文配置, 默认为/WEB-INF/$servlet-name$-servlet.xml
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<!-- mvc-dispatcher拦截所有的请求-->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
二. spring-mvc-servlet.xml
主要知识点如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 本配置文件是工名为mvc-dispatcher的DispatcherServlet使用, 提供其相关的Spring MVC配置 -->
<!-- 启用Spring基于annotation的DI, 使用户可以在Spring MVC中使用Spring的强大功能。 激活 @Required
@Autowired,JSR 250's @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy and @Resource 等标注 -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- DispatcherServlet上下文, 只管理@Controller类型的bean, 忽略其他型的bean, 如@Service
@Service会交给spring上下文去处理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.mvcdemo">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!-- HandlerMapping, 无需配置, Spring MVC可以默认启动。 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
annotation-driven HandlerMapping -->
<!-- 扩充了注解驱动,可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 静态资源处理, css, js, imgs -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />
<!-- 配置ViewResolver。 可以用多个ViewResolver。 使用order属性排序。
InternalResourceViewResolver放在最后。 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1" />
<property name="mediaTypes">
<map>
<entry key="json" value="application/json" />
<entry key="xml" value="application/xml" />
<entry key="htm" value="text/html" />
</map>
</property>
<property name="defaultViews">
<list>
<!-- JSON View -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView">
</bean>
</list>
</property>
<property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true" />
</bean>
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
三. applicationContext.xml
spring上下文文件,为web应用提供bean管理
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 不需要管理@Controller,将其排除-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.mvcdemo">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
</beans>