header和headerValues: header 储存用户浏览器和服务端用来沟通的数据 例:要取得用户浏览器的版本,可以使用${header["User-Agent"]}。 另外在鲜少机会下,有可能同一标头名称拥有不同的值,此时必须改为使用headerValues 来取得这些值。 []与.运算符: EL 提供.和[]两种运算符来存取数据。 当要存取的属性名称中包含一些特殊字符,如.或?等并非字母或数字的符号,就一定要使用 []。 例如: ${user.My-Name}应当改为${user["My-Name"] } 如果要动态取值时,就可以用[]来做,而.无法做到动态取值。例如: ${sessionScope.user[data]}中data 是一个变量 变量: EL存 取变量数据的方法很简单,例如:${username}。它的意思是取出某一范围中名称为username的变量。因为我们并没有指定哪一个范围的 username,所以它会依序从Page、Request、Session、Application范围查找。假如途中找到username,就直接回 传,不再继续找下去,但是假如全部的范围都没有找到时,就回传null。 属性范围在EL中的名称 Page pageScope Request requestScope Session sessionScope Application applicationScope EL隐含对象: 1.与范围有关的隐含对象 与范围有关的EL 隐含对象包含以下四个: pageScope、requestScope、sessionScope 和applicationScope; 它们基本上就和JSP的pageContext、request、session和application一样; 在EL中,这四个隐含对象用来取得范围属性值,即getAttribute(String name). 例如:我们要取得session中储存一个属性username的值,可以利用下列方法: session.getAttribute("username") 取得username的值, 在EL中则使用下列方法 ${sessionScope.username} 2.与输入有关的隐含对象 与输入有关的隐含对象有两个:param和paramValues,它们是EL中比较特别的隐含对象。 例如我们要取得用户的请求参数时,可以利用下列方法: request.getParameter(String name) request.getParameterValues(String name) 在EL中则可以使用param和paramValues两者来取得数据。 ${param.name} ${paramValues.name} 其他隐含对象: cookie JSTL并没有提供设定cookie的动作, 例:要取得cookie中有一个设定名称为userCountry的值,可以使用${cookie.userCountry}来取得它。 header和headerValues header 储存用户浏览器和服务端用来沟通的数据 例:要取得用户浏览器的版本,可以使用${header["User-Agent"]}。 另外在鲜少机会下,有可能同一标头名称拥有不同的值,此时必须改为使用headerValues 来取得这些值。 书上的例子: <c:forEach items="${pageContext.request.cookies}" var="c">
<b><c:out value="${c.name}" /></b>:
<c:out value="${c.value}" /><br>
</c:forEach> cookie:
javax.servlet.http
类 Cookie
java.lang.Object javax.servlet.http.Cookie
包含getName和getValue方法
Example 8-3. Request information (reqinfo.jsp):
<%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <html> <head> <title>Request Info</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white"> The following information was received: <ul> <li>Request Method: <c:out value="${pageContext.request[method]}" /> <li>Request Protocol: <c:out value="${pageContext.request[protocol]}" /> <li>Context Path: <c:out value="${pageContext.request.contextPath}" /> <li>Servlet Path: <c:out value="${pageContext.request.servletPath}" /> <li>Request URI: <c:out value="${pageContext.request.requestURI}" /> <li>Request URL: <c:out value="${pageContext.request.requestURL}" /> <li>Server Name: <c:out value="${pageContext.request.serverName}" /> <li>Server Port: <c:out value="${pageContext.request.serverPort}" /> <li>Remote Address: <c:out value="${pageContext.request.remoteAddr}" /> <li>Remote Host: <c:out value="${pageContext.request.remoteHost}" /> <li>Secure: <c:out value="${pageContext.request.secure}" /> <li>Cookies:<br> <c:forEach items="${pageContext.request.cookies}" var="c"> <b><c:out value="${c.name}" /></b>: <c:out value="${c.value}" /><br> </c:forEach> <li>Headers:<br> <c:forEach items="${headerValues}" var="h"> <b><c:out value="${h.key}" /></b>: <c:forEach items="${h.value}" var="value"> <br> <c:out value="${value}" /> </c:forEach> <br> </c:forEach> </ul> </body> </html>
pageContext隐含对象对应于javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext型态之对象,
隐含对象都自动的被加入至pageContext中,您可以藉由它来取得与JSP相关的隐含对象对应之Servlet对象
request:请求作用域,就是客户端的一次请求。
Request对象代表了客户端的请求信息(如请求的来源、
cookies和请求相关的参数值等等),
主要用于接受客户端通过HTTP协议传送给服务器端的数据。
accessed through the implicit pageContext variable's request property.
The request property is an instance
of a class named javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
Properties for javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestProperty nameJava typeAccessDescriptionauthType StringReadThe name of the authentication scheme protecting the requestcharacterEncoding StringReadThe request body character encoding, or null if unknowncontentLength intReadThe request body length, or -1 if unknowncontentType StringReadThe request body MIME typecontextPath StringReadThe context path for the requestcookies javax.servlet.http.Cookie[]ReadThe cookies received with the requestlocale java.util.LocaleReadThe client's preferred localelocales java.util.EnumerationReadA list of all client locales in order of preferencemethod StringReadThe request method (e.g., GET, POST)protocol StringReadThe protocol name and version, e.g., HTTP/1.1remoteAddr StringReadThe client's IP addressremoteHost StringReadThe client's hostname or IP address if not knownremoteUser StringReadThe username used to make the request if the page is protected, otherwise nullrequestURI StringReadThe request URI, e.g., /app/page.jsprequestURL StringBufferReadThe request URL, e.g., http://server/app/page.jspscheme StringReadThe scheme, e.g., http or httpsservletPath StringReadThe context-relative path for the request, e.g., /page.jspserverName StringReadThe name of the server the request was sent toserverPort intReadThe port the request was sent tosecure booleanReadtrue if the request was made over a secure channel (e.g., SSL)userPrincipal java.security.PrincipalReadThe Principal representing the user making the request if the page is protected, otherwise null
对比代码:
<%
out.println("Protocol: " + request.getProtocol() + "<br>");
out.println("Scheme: " + request.getScheme() + "<br>");
out.println("Server Name: " + request.getServerName() + "<br>" );
out.println("Server Port: " + request.getServerPort() + "<br>");
out.println("Protocol: " + request.getProtocol() + "<br>");
out.println("Remote Addr: " + request.getRemoteAddr() + "<br>");
out.println("Remote Host: " + request.getRemoteHost() + "<br>");
out.println("Character Encoding: " + request.getCharacterEncoding() + "<br>");
out.println("Content Length: " + request.getContentLength() + "<br>");
out.println("Content Type: "+ request.getContentType() + "<br>");
out.println("Auth Type: " + request.getAuthType() + "<br>");
out.println("HTTP Method: " + request.getMethod() + "<br>");
out.println("Path Info: " + request.getPathInfo() + "<br>");
out.println("Path Trans: " + request.getPathTranslated() + "<br>");
out.println("Query String: " + request.getQueryString() + "<br>");
out.println("Remote User: " + request.getRemoteUser() + "<br>");
out.println("Session Id: " + request.getRequestedSessionId() + "<br>");
out.println("Request URI: " + request.getRequestURI() + "<br>");
out.println("Servlet Path: " + request.getServletPath() + "<br>");
out.println("Accept: " + request.getHeader("Accept") + "<br>");
out.println("Host: " + request.getHeader("Host") + "<br>");
out.println("Referer : " + request.getHeader("Referer") + "<br>");
out.println("Accept-Language : " + request.getHeader("Accept-Language") + "<br>");
out.println("Accept-Encoding : " + request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding") + "<br>");
out.println("User-Agent : " + request.getHeader("User-Agent") + "<br>");
out.println("Connection : " + request.getHeader("Connection") + "<br>");
out.println("Cookie : " + request.getHeader("Cookie") + "<br>");
%>