Linux Signals 进程信号简介

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-25 13:34:08 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-04-25 13:34:08 发布

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文章标签： python 数据库

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/Bruce370/blog/885260

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2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

在Linux中，signal是一种局限较强的进程间通信方式。

主要有三种类型：

1. 从hardware signal到POSIX signal

hardware signal也叫hardware interrupt，CPU中存放着 interrupt vectors 指向存放在kernel space中的interrupt handling routine。

例：键盘输入；segmentation fault -> SIGSEGV

2. 直接从kernel生成的POSIX signal

例：exit() -> SIGCHLD

3. 从一个进程发起到另一个进程的signal

例：进程885 执行了 “kill 1234” 代码

POSIX signal

1. Generated from CPU to kernel, or from CPU to processes

    例 1: Segmentation fault.
        The signal is labeled SIGSEGV, which comes from CPU to kernel then to process.
    例 2: Floating point exception (e.g., divided by 0).
        The signal is labeled SIGFPE, which is coming from CPU to process

2. From kernel to process

例: Child process termination.
The signal is labeled SIGCHLD, which is coming from the kernel to process

3. Generated from one process to another

例： From terminals: E.g., “Ctrl C”, “Ctrl Z”
Using programs: E.g., “kill”, “top”, etc.
Using the “kill()” system call.

一些典型的signal

Asynchronous signal: 异步信号
– The signal received is NOT generated by the process itself。 So, its arrival time is usually not deterministic
– E.g., External hardware interrupt, another process sends ctrl-c

Synchronous signal: 同步信号
– The signal is caused by the process itself, its arrival time is usually deterministic
– E.g., A certain line leads to SIGFPE
– E.g., A certain line accesses a memory region: SIGSEGV

kill() 方法

用于给特地进程发送POSIX signal

signal() 方法

更新当前进程的特定signal的处理方法，即signal handler

例：写个无法“Ctrl+C”中止的小病毒

#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>

void sig_handler(int sig) {
  if(sig == SIGINT)
    printf("\nCtrl + C\n");
}

 int main(void) {
     signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
     printf("Press enter\n");
     getchar();
     printf("End of program\n");
     return 0;
}

通常情况下，我们希望当signal handler处理完signal后，程序恢复到之前执行的地方；而有时候，则希望程序继续运行下去。