c_str函数的返回值是const char*的,不能直接赋值給char*,所以就需要我们进行相应的操作转化,下面就是这一转化过程。
 
       c++语言提供了两种字符串实现,其中较原始的一种只是字符串的c语言实现。与C语言的其他部分一样,它在c+的所有实现中可用,我们将这种实现提供的字符串对象,归为c-串,每个c-串char*类型的。
 
       标准头文件<cstring>包含操作c-串的函数库。这些库函数表达了我们希望使用的几乎每种字符串操作。
 
       当调用库函数,客户程序提供的是string类型参数,而库函数内部实现用的是c-串,因此需要将string对象,转化为char*对象,而c_str()提供了这样一种方法,它返回一个客户程序可读不可改的指向字符数组的指针。
 
      例:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
void main()
{
string add_to="hello!";
const string add_on="baby";

const char*cfirst = add_to.c_str();
const char*csecond = add_on.c_str();
char*copy = new char[strlen(cfirst) + strlen(csecond) + 1];
strcpy( copy, cfirst);
strcat( copy, csecond);
add_to = copy;
delete [] copy;
std::cout<<add_to<<std::endl;
}
 
 
看下面一段程序
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

 

 

using namespace std;

 

class Student
{
public:
         Student(int n,string nam,char s)     //定义构造函数
         {
                   num = n;
 13行            name = nam;
                   sex = s;
                  
                   cout << "Constructor called." << endl;
         }
         ~Student()        //定义析构函数
         {
                   cout << "Destructor called." << endl;
         }
         void display()
         {
                   cout << "num:" << num << endl;
                   cout << "name:" << name << endl;
                   cout << "sex:" << sex << endl << endl;
         }

 

private:
         int num;
         char name[10];
         char sex;
};

 

int main()
{
         Student stud1(10010,"Wang_li",'f');       //建立对象stud1
         stud1.display();        //输出stud1的数据

 

         Student stud2(10011,"Zhang_fun",'m');
         stud2.display();

 

         return 0;
}
在VC++6.0中编译会出下面的错误
(13) : error C2440: '=' : cannot convert from 'class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >' to 'char [10]'
 
如果把第13行用c_str()来处理,程序就可以编译通过。即把Studeng类改写成
 
class Student
{
public:
         Student(int n,string nam,char s)     //定义构造函数
         {
                   num = n;
                   strcpy(name,nam.c_str());
                   sex = s;
                  
                   cout << "Constructor called." << endl;
         }
         ~Student()        //定义析构函数
         {
                   cout << "Destructor called." << endl;
         }
         void display()
         {
                   cout << "num:" << num << endl;
                   cout << "name:" << name << endl;
                   cout << "sex:" << sex << endl << endl;
         }

 

private:
         int num;
         char  name[10];
         char sex;
};
 
 
   另一种修改方法是把Student类改写成如下,因为string已经重载了“=”操作符
class Student
{
public:
         Student(int n,string nam,char s)     //定义构造函数
         {
                   num = n;
                   name = nam;
                   sex = s;
                  
                   cout << "Constructor called." << endl;
         }
         ~Student()        //定义析构函数
         {
                   cout << "Destructor called." << endl;
         }
         void display()
         {
                   cout << "num:" << num << endl;
                   cout << "name:" << name << endl;
                   cout << "sex:" << sex << endl << endl;
         }

 

private:
         int num;
         string  name;
         char sex;
};