序列化-pickle,json
1、序列化
将对象的状态信息转换为可以存储或者可以传输的形式过程
内存中有一些结构数据,希望保存下来冲用,或者发送给别人使用
很多游戏允许你在退出的时候保存进度,然后你再次启动的时候回到退出的地方。
2、常用的一些序列化
pickle,cPickle
JSON
Shelve
YAML
3、序列化对象到磁盘,所有的python支持的类型都可以用pickle做序列化
序列化到磁盘:pickle.dump(obj, file),从磁盘反序列化:pickle.load(file)
序列化到内存:pickle.dumps(obj),从内存反序列化:pickle.loads(str)
#pickle序列化到磁盘,pickle.dump(参数1,参数2),fd是问价句炳
In [1]: import pickle
In [2]: entry = {'a':11, 'b':22}
In [3]: with open('/tmp/1.pickle','wb') as fd: #w表示写方式,b表示二进制
...: pickle.dump(entry, fd)
[root@133 ~]# file /tmp/1.pickle
/tmp/1.pickle: ASCII text
[root@133 ~]cat /tmp/1.pickle
(dp0
S'a'
p1
I11
sS'b'
p2
I22
#pickle.load(fd)从硬盘反序列化,
In [7]: with open('/tmp/1.pickle') as fd:
...: a = pickle.load(fd)
...:
In [8]: a
Out[8]: {'a': 11, 'b': 22}
#pickle序列化数据到内存中,
In [14]: entry = {'a':11, 'b':22}
In [15]: b = pickle.dumps(entry)
In [16]: b
Out[16]: "(dp0\nS'a'\np1\nI11\nsS'b'\np2\nI22\ns."
#pickle.loads(fd)从内存反序列化
In [17]: entry1=pickle.loads(b)
In [19]: entry1
Out[19]: {'a': 11, 'b': 22}
pickle简单应用
[root@133 tmp]# cd /opt/python/django/
[root@133 django]# cp -pr simplecmdb simplecmdbbak
[root@133 simplecmdb]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/simplecmdb
[root@133 simplecmdb]# vim settings.py
#注释掉默认的sqlite3数据库
#DATABASES = {
# 'default': {
# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
# }
#}
#指定使用mysql数据库
DATABASES = {
'default':{
'ENGINE':'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME':'cmdb',
'USER':'root',
'PASSWORD':'Amos!@#$',
'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
'PORT':'3306',
}
}
登录mysql,创建数据库cmdb,在数据库cmdb中创建数据表
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# rm -rf db.sqlite3 #删除sqlite3的数据库
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# cd hostinfo/
[root@133 hostinfo]# vim models.py #models.py已经定义了数据表,只要同步即可在mysql中建表
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
product = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
osver = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
#查看数据库配置文件有没有错误
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py validate
0 errors found
mysql> create database cmdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table hostinfo_host
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup_members
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root
Email address: 1350368559@qq.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> use cmdb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_cmdb |
+----------------------------+
| auth_group |
| auth_group_permissions |
| auth_permission |
| auth_user |
| auth_user_groups |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| django_admin_log |
| django_content_type |
| django_session |
| hostinfo_host |
| hostinfo_hostgroup |
| hostinfo_hostgroup_members |
+----------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
修改系统收集信息
[root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/sysinformation-pickle.py import pickle # d = urllib.urlencode(dic) d = pickle.dumps(dic) #使用pickle将收集到的信息保存到内存中 #修改视图文件,得到属性文件 [root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py print req.body
启动django服务器
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080
执行系统收集脚本:python sysinformation-pickle.py,报错500,排查过程如下:
[root@133 django]# python sysinformation-pickle.py #由于后边的变量值没有收到具体的信息报错 Traceback (most recent call last): File "sysinformation-pickle.py", line 118, in <module> req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/',d) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 126, in urlopen return _opener.open(url, data, timeout) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 406, in open response = meth(req, response) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 519, in http_response 'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 444, in error return self._call_chain(*args) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 378, in _call_chain result = func(*args) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 527, in http_error_default raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp) urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 500: INTERNAL SERVER ERROR [root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080 Validating models... 0 errors found January 15, 2017 - 18:00:56 Django version 1.6.5, using settings 'simplecmdb.settings' Starting development server at http://112.65.140.133:8080/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C. #以下是pickle发送到服务器的信息,格式是pickle格式,由simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py处理得到的 (dp0 S'osver' p1 S'CentOS release 6.7 (Final)' p2 sS'product' p3 S'PowerEdge R710' p4 sS'vendor' p5 S'Dell Inc.' p6 sS'sn' p7 S'4HBDT2X' p8 sS'memory' p9 S'19976M' p10 sS'cpu_num' p11 I8 sS'ip' p12 (S'br1' p13 S'112.65.140.133' p14 S'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23' p15 tp16 sS'hostname' p17 S'133' p18 sS'cpu_model' p19 S'Intel(R) 2.00GHz' p20 s. None None None None None None None None None [15/Jan/2017 18:01:04] "POST /hostinfo/collect/ HTTP/1.1" 500 118260 #测试,如果将:sysinformation-pickle.py修改为: d = urllib.urlencode(dic) # d = pickle.dumps(dic) 结果就是: osver=CentOS+release+6.7+%28Final%29&product=PowerEdge+R710&vendor=Dell+Inc.&sn=4HBDT2X&memory=19976M&cpu_num=8&ip=%28%27br1%27%2C+%27112.65.140.133%27%2C+%27A4%3ABA%3ADB%3A20%3A93%3A23%27%29&hostname=133&cpu_model=Intel%28R%29+2.00GHz 133 ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23') CentOS release 6.7 (Final) Dell Inc. PowerEdge R710 Intel(R) 2.00GHz 8 19976M 4HBDT2X 数据已经发送到djago这里,如何将数据发序列化出来成为字典,即可正常使用。 [root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import HttpResponse from hostinfo.models import Host import pickle # Create your views here. def collect(req): if req.POST: print pickle.loads(req.body) [root@133 django]# python sysinformation-pickle.py#结果显示已经去得了pickle loads出来的字典了 {'product': 'PowerEdge R710', 'vendor': 'Dell Inc.', 'cpu_num': 8, 'ip': ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23'), 'hostname': '133', 'cpu_model': 'Intel(R) 2.00GHz', 'osver': 'CentOS release 6.7 (Final)', 'sn': '4HBDT2X', 'memory': '19976M'} [root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py import pickle def collect(req): if req.POST: obj = pickle.loads(req.body) hostname = obj['hostname'] print hostname ip = obj['ip'] print ip osver = obj['osver'] print osver vendor = obj['vendor'] print vendor product = obj['product'] print product cpu_model = obj['cpu_model'] print cpu_model cpu_num = obj['cpu_num'] print cpu_num memory = obj['memory'] print memory sn = obj['sn'] print sn :10,27s/req.POST.get/obj/ :10,27s/(/[/ :10,27s/)/]/ [root@133 simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/models.py from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Host(models.Model): hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 200) ip = models.IPAddressField() vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 200) product = models.CharField(max_length = 200) sn = models.CharField(max_length = 200) cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 200) cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 200) memory = models.CharField(max_length = 200) osver = models.CharField(max_length = 200) def __unicode__(self): return self.hostname 数据库字段的长度改为200,然后数据库cmdb删除,重新同步的,结果还是一样。500 搞不清为什么会这样? 另外一个问题: #d = urllib.urlencode(dic) d = pickle.dumps(dic) req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/',d) print req.read() #d = urllib.urlencode(dic) 这里的d难道不用urlencode吗?不转换成urlencode格式,怎么能用urllib2.urlopen发送处理呢? host是实例,不是字典,所以不能这样host['hostname'],只能host.hostname这样来调用属性。 可以在实例化( host = Host())之前来打印hostname、ip等信息,来进行拍错。 这里的d是序列化后的对象,这里可以使用pickle序列化,跟使用json一样。 视频里有三种方式 1. 使用urlencode 2. 使用pickle 3. 使用json 我的问题找到了,原因是:ip = models.IPAddressField() 无法保存元祖。 def collect(req): if req.POST: print pickle.loads(req.body) obj = pickle.loads(req.body) hostname = obj['hostname'] ip = obj['ip'] osver = obj['osver'] vendor = obj['vendor'] product = obj['product'] cpu_model = obj['cpu_model'] cpu_num = obj['cpu_num'] memory = obj['memory'] sn = obj['sn'] print sn print 'pickle load ok' host = Host() host.hostname = hostname host.ip = ip host.osver = osver host.vendor = vendor host.product = product host.cpu_model = cpu_model host.cpu_num = cpu_num host.memory = memory host.sn = sn print host.sn host.save() print "host save ok" #没有打印 print host.sn #没有打印 return HttpResponse('OK') else: return HttpResponse('no data') 结果是: [16/Jan/2017 11:34:20] "POST /hostinfo/collect/ HTTP/1.1" 500 72226 {'product': 'PowerEdge R710', 'vendor': 'Dell Inc.', 'cpu_num': 8, 'ip': ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23'), 'hostname': '133', 'cpu_model': 'Intel(R) 2.00GHz', 'osver': 'CentOS release 6.7 (Final)', 'sn': '4HBDT2X', 'memory': '19976M'} 4HBDT2X pickle load ok 4HBDT2X 很明显是host.save()没有成功,但是我却不知道为什么没有成功? 最后发现是: 我打印出来的IP被我设置为三个参数: def parseIfconfig(parsed_data): dic = {} tuple_addr= ('lo','vir','vnet','em3','em4') parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i and not i.startswith(tuple_addr)] for lines in parsed_data: line_list = lines.split('\n') devname = line_list[0].split()[0] macaddr = line_list[0].split()[-1] ipaddr = line_list[1].split()[1].split(':')[1] break dic['ip'] = devname,ipaddr,macaddr return dic ip如果是:'ip': '112.65.140.133' 就可以保存了 而实际结果是:'ip': ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23') 所以无法保存到数据库中,所以会报错 改为: dic['ip'] = ipaddr 就ok了
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/daixuan/1891865